1、两者继承的直接父类不同:Hashtable继承自Dictiionary,HashMap继承自AbstractMap,这一区别可以通过两者的源码明显地看到:
public class HashMapextends AbstractMap implements Map , Cloneable, Serializable public class Hashtable extends Dictionary implements Map , Cloneable, java.io.Serializable
2、
Hashtable的put方法如下:
public synchronized V put(K key, V value) { // Make sure the value is not null if (value == null) { throw new NullPointerException(); } // Makes sure the key is not already in the hashtable. Entry tab[] = table; int hash = key.hashCode(); int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length; for (Entry e = tab[index]; e != null; e = e.next) { if ((e.hash == hash) && e.key.equals(key)) { V old = e.value; e.value = value; return old; } } modCount++; if (count >= threshold) { // Rehash the table if the threshold is exceeded rehash(); tab = table; index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length; } // Creates the new entry. Entry e = tab[index]; tab[index] = new Entry(hash, key, value, e); count++; return null; }HashMap的put方法如下:
public V put(K key, V value) { if (key == null) return putForNullKey(value); int hash = hash(key.hashCode()); int i = indexFor(hash, table.length); for (Entry e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) { Object k; if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) { V oldValue = e.value; e.value = value; e.recordAccess(this); return oldValue; } } modCount++; addEntry(hash, key, value, i); return null; }
通过比对Hashtable与HashMap的put方法,我们很容易得出这样的结论:
a、Hashtable的put方法是同步的,线程安全的;HashMap的put方法不是同步的,非线程安全的:由此可见在多线程情况下应该使用Hashtable中的put方法,反之应该使用HashMap中的put方法;由此也可以得出这样的结论Hashtable的put方法效率低于HashMap的put方法;
b、在向Hashtable中put数据时,key与value均不能为null,而在向HashMap中put数据时,key与value都可以为空;