为什么要学习Elixir?答案很简单,为了更好的学习Erlang.这么无厘头的理由?
Erlang语法设计几乎没有考虑过取悦开发者,所以学习之初的门槛略高.对于已经克服了最初语法障碍的同学,Elixir其实没有什么吸引力. 在Elixir之前已经有很多类似的项目,比如http://lfe.github.io Elixir类似思路的还有http://reia-lang.org 在前,但Elixir显然做得更好一些.看这些语言的时候,会有一种感觉:把这语言语法层面做优化调整,理想状态就是Erlang的样子吧!
那为什么要投入时间到Elixir? 深入Elixir内部,可以看到很多非常棒的设计,这些设计并不陌生,之前散见于各种开源项目.不过现在Elixir将这些解决方案整合在一起,而且更具有系统性.对我来说,这是一个很好的切入点.对于很多Ruby开发者来讲,Elixir具有很强的语法亲和力,而这点对我来讲没有什么意义,其实我反倒觉得Elixir在语法层面复杂了很多,需要"记住"的规则比较多,而Erlang这方面要精简很多.
Elixir also provides first-class support for pattern matching, polymorphism via protocols (similar to Clojure's), aliases and associative data structures (usually known as dicts or hashes in other programming languages).
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(ns
elixir-demo ) (defprotocol
Concatenatable (cat
[ this other])) (extend-type
java.util.List Concatenatable (cat
[ this other] (concat
this other))
) (extend-type
String Concatenatable (cat
[ this other] (.concat
this other))
) (println (cat
[1,2,3,4] [5,6,7])) (println (cat
"Hello
" "World!!!!" )) |
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public static class TypeExtensions { public static void Dump( this int num) { Console.WriteLine( string .Format( "The
int number is :{0} \r\n " ,
num)); } public static void Dump( this double num) { Console.WriteLine( string .Format( "The
float number is :{0} \r\n " ,
num)); } public static void Dump this IEnumerable { StringBuilder
sb = new StringBuilder( "Data:" ); foreach ( var item
in items) { sb.AppendFormat( "{0}\n" ,
item); } Console.WriteLine(sb.ToString()); } } |
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static void Main( string []
args) { 12.Dump(); (12.23).Dump(); ( new List< string >()
{ "123" ,
"ok" ,
"test" }).Dump< string >(); Console.ReadLine(); } |
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defprotocol
String.Chars do def
to_string(thing) end |
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defimpl
String .Chars,
for :
Integer do def to_string(thing)
do integer_to_binary(thing) end end defimpl
String .Chars,
for :
Float do def to_string(thing)
do iolist_to_binary( :io_lib_format .fwrite_g(thing)) end end |
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iex( 8 )>
to_string([ 1 , 2 ]) << 1 ,
2 >> iex( 9 )>
to_string( :a )
"a" iex( 10 )>
to_string( 12 . 3 ) "12.3" iex( 11 )>
to_string( 12 )
"12" iex( 12 )>
to_string({ 1 , 2 }) **
(Protocol.UndefinedError) protocol String .Chars
not implemented
for { 1 ,
2 } /data2/src_elixir/elixir/lib/elixir/lib/string/chars.ex: 3 :
String .Chars.impl_for!/ 1 /data2/src_elixir/elixir/lib/elixir/lib/string/chars.ex: 17 :
String .Chars.to_string/ 1 |