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    [原]Java实训笔记(十)之JDBC篇

    zhazha1980518发表于 2011-08-19 12:56:59
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    一、JDBC概述

    JDBC:是java操作数据库的技术,在此技术中提供了一组API来实现对不同数据源的数据库操作。

    JDBC API中包括java.sql包和javax.sql包,其中java.sql称为核心包,javax.sql称为扩展包。

    我们这里主要讲解java.sql包。

    java.sql 包中包含用于以下方面的 API:



    二、JDBC详解

    1、java操作数据库的步骤:

    1、 驱动注册:

    Class.forName(驱动)或者Class.forName(驱动).newInstance()。

    首先明确连接数据源是什么,根据不同的数据源下载不同的驱动程序,在这里我们选用mysql数据源。然后在项目中添加mysql的驱动程序。驱动字符串的获得

    2、 建立与数据库的连接

    3、 通过不同Statement来执行sql语句。

    a) 如果带参数的sql语法通过PreparedStatement来执行;

    b) 如果sql是通过拼接的方式,可以使用Statement或者PreparedStatement 来执行;

    c) 如果执行是存储过程,使用CallableStatement来执行。

    Java操作msyql

    说明:在这里选用两种操作:select和insert,sql语句也采用两种方式一种拼接一个带参数。

    1、 执行查询操作之前需要进行驱动注册和数据库的连接:

    Class.forName(“com.mysql.jdbc.Driver”);

    String url =”jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/student”;

    String user =”root”;

    String pwd =”123”;

    Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,pwd);

    2、 通过不同Statement来执行,在这里我们首先使用Statement来执行。

    Statement sta = con.createStatement();//

    //根据操作的不同选用不同的方法,如果执行的查询操作,有结果集的返回,在这里选、、//用executeQuery方法,如果是执行的增加、删除、修改,返回的时影响行数,选用//executeUpdate()方法。

    Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

    String name = input.next();

    String sql =”select * from stdinfo where sname=’”+name+”’”;

    ResultSet rs = sta.executeQuery(sql);

    While(rs.next()){

    System.out.println(rs.getString(1)+”:”+rs.getString(2));

    }

    上面的程序中使用的拼接sql的方法,在此方式,容易出现错误,当给姓名赋值,如果输入” ‘张三”这种形式,就会出现异常。要避免这种情况,我们使用带参数的sql语句。

    StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();

    Sb.append(“select * from stdinfo where sname=?”)

    Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

    String name= input.next();

    PreparedStatement pre = con.prepareStatement(sb.toString());

    Pre.setString(1,name);

    ResultSet rs = pre.executeQuery();

    While(rs.next()){

    System.out.println(rs.getString(1));

    }

    以上的示例讲解了查询的执行,这种查询无论是简单的查询,还是多表查询,执行方式是不变,唯一变化的就是sql而已。在这里就不在赘述。

    下面通过示例讲解insert的操作。

    第一种方式:拼接sql

    Statement sta = con.createStatement();//

    StringBuffer sql = new StringBuffer();//假定是通过界面的文本框输入值

    sql.append("insert into stdinfo values('");

    sql.append( txtId.getText()+"','"+txtName.getText()+"','");

    sql.append(txtSex.getText()+"','");

    sql.append(txtAddress.getText()+"')");

    int count = sta.executeUpdate(sql.toString());

    if(count>0){

    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "成功");

    }

    第二种方式:带参数的方式

    StringBuffer sql = new StringBuffer();

    sql.append("insert into stdinfo values(?,?,?,?)");

    PreparedStatement pre = con.prepareStatement(sql.toString());

    pre.setString(1, txtId.getText());

    pre.setString(2, txtName.getText());

    pre.setString(3, txtSex.getText());

    pre.setString(4, txtAddress.getText());

    int count = pre.executeUpdate();

    在这里以insert操作为例,其他的操作与insert操作唯一不同的时sql语句不同。

    可滚动的结果集和可更新的结果集

    Statement sta= con.createStatement(int resultSetType,

    int resultSetConcurrency)

    参数:

    resultSetType- 结果集类型,它是 ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY(只能向前读取)、ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE(可滚动的,对数据库操作不敏感) 或 ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE(可滚动的,堆数据库操作敏感) 之一

    resultSetConcurrency- 并发类型;它是 ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY(只读) 或 ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE 之一(可更新)

    PreparedStatement是在创建PreparedStatemnt这句中。

    2、ResultSet详解

    3、Java读取配置文件

    注意配置文件要src的根目录中。

    代码:

    import java.io.IOException;

    import java.io.InputStream;

    import java.sql.Connection;

    import java.sql.DriverManager;

    import java.sql.SQLException;

    import java.util.Properties;

    public class GetProperties {

    /**

    * @param args

    */

    public static void main(String[] args) {

    // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    try {

    Connection con = null;

    try {

    con = new GetProperties().getConn();

    System.out.println("连接成功!");

    } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {

    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

    e.printStackTrace();

    } catch (SQLException e) {

    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

    e.printStackTrace();

    } finally {

    try {

    con.close();

    } catch (SQLException e) {

    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

    e.printStackTrace();

    }

    }

    } catch (IOException e) {

    }

    }

    public Connection getConn() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException,

    SQLException {

    Properties props = new Properties();

    InputStream in = Properties.class.getResourceAsStream("/db.properties");

    props.load(in);

    in.close();

    String driver = props.getProperty("driver");

    // System.out.println(driver);

    String url = props.getProperty("url");

    String user = props.getProperty("user");

    String pwd = props.getProperty("pwd");

    Class.forName(driver);

    return DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, pwd);

    }

    }

    4、Java中文乱码问题

    解决问题方法:

    1、 修改mysql的安装目录下的my.ini文件,把其中的default-character-set改为gbk,然后在服务管理器中重新启动mysql的服务;

    2、 设定mysql字符编码(在前面的java笔记中有介绍),查看数据库和表的字符编码;



    1、 更改db.properties的配置信息,由原来url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/student改为url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/student?user=root&password;=123&useUnicode;=true&characterEncoding;=GBK;

    2、 设定字符的编码;String name = new String("我们".getBytes(),"GBK");

    表结构:



    public class Demo{

    public static void main(String[]args){

    new Demo().addInfo();

    new Demo().getInfo();

    }

    public void getInfo(){

    Connection con;

    try {

    con = getConn();

    Statement sta = con.createStatement();

    String sql ="select * from t";

    ResultSet rs=sta.executeQuery(sql);

    while(rs.next()){

    System.out.println(rs.getString(1));

    }

    } catch (IOException e) {

    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

    e.printStackTrace();

    } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {

    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

    e.printStackTrace();

    } catch (SQLException e) {

    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

    e.printStackTrace();

    }

    }

    public void addInfo(){

    Connection con;

    try {

    con = getConn();

    String sql ="insert into t values(?)";

    PreparedStatement sta = con.prepareStatement(sql);

    String name = new String("我们".getBytes(),"GBK");

    sta.setString(1, name);

    int count=sta.executeUpdate();

    if(count>0){

    System.out.println("s");

    }

    } catch (IOException e) {

    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

    e.printStackTrace();

    } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {

    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

    e.printStackTrace();

    } catch (SQLException e) {

    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

    e.printStackTrace();

    }

    }

    public Connection getConn() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, SQLException{

    Properties props = new Properties();

    InputStream in = Properties.class.getResourceAsStream("/db.properties");

    props.load(in);

    in.close();

    String driver = props.getProperty("driver");

    //System.out.println(driver);

    String url = props.getProperty("url");

    String user = props.getProperty("user");

    String pwd = props.getProperty("pwd");

    Class.forName(driver);

    return DriverManager.getConnection(url);

    }

    }

    1、 读写图像

    1、概述:图像信息是采用二进制的形式进行存储的。在C/S程序中,如果需要保存头像信息,就需要把图像的信息存入到数据库中,在B/S程序中,如果要保存图片信息,图片首先会上传服务器中,然后在数据库中保存图片的路径即可。

    2、Mysql类型,有四种类型用来保存图片,分别:

      ·tinyblob:仅255个字符

      ·blob:最大限制到65K字节

      ·mediumblob:限制到16M字节

    ·longblob:可达4GB

    根据图片的大小选择合适的数据类型。

    3、示例

    1、写图像:

    表结构


    import java.awt.Image;

    import java.io.*;

    import java.sql.*;

    import java.util.*;

    import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

    import javax.swing.*;

    public class ImageRun {

    /**

    * @param args

    */

    public static void main(String[] args) {

    // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    new ImageRun().addImg();

    }

    //addImg方法实现图像写入

    public void addImg(){

    File f = new File("c:\\car.jpg");

    Connection con =null;

    try {

    FileInputStream fin = new FileInputStream(f);

    con = getConn();

    String sql ="insert into img(imgSave) values(?)";

    PreparedStatement pre = con.prepareStatement(sql);

    pre.setBinaryStream(1, fin, (int)f.length());

    //System.out.println(f.length());

    int count=pre.executeUpdate();

    if(count>0){

    System.out.println("ok");

    }

    } catch (IOException e) {

    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

    e.printStackTrace();

    } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {

    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

    e.printStackTrace();

    } catch (SQLException e) {

    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

    e.printStackTrace();

    }

    finally{

    try {

    con.close();

    } catch (SQLException e) {

    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

    e.printStackTrace();

    }

    }

    }

    //getConn通过读取db.properties文件中数据库配置信息

    public Connection getConn() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, SQLException{

    Properties props = new Properties();

    InputStream in = Properties.class.getResourceAsStream("/db.properties");

    props.load(in);

    in.close();

    String driver = props.getProperty("driver");

    System.out.println(driver);

    String url = props.getProperty("url");

    String user = props.getProperty("user");

    String pwd = props.getProperty("pwd");

    Class.forName(driver);

    return DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,pwd);

    }

    }

    //db.properties文件配置信息

    driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

    url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/student?user=root&password;=123&useUnicode;=true&characterEncoding;=GBK

    2、读图像:

    import java.awt.Image;

    import java.io.*;

    import java.sql.*;

    import java.util.*;

    import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

    import javax.swing.*;

    public class ImageRun {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

    // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    //读取第一张图片在JLabel中显示

    Frame frame = new JFrame();

    JLabel lbl = new JLabel();

    lbl.setIcon(new ImageRun().viewImg());

    frame.add(lbl);

    frame.setSize(400,400);

    frame.setVisible(true);

    }

    //方法读取图像返回ImageIcon

    public ImageIcon viewImg(){

    Connection con =null;

    Image img=null;

    try {

    con=getConn();

    Statement sta = con.createStatement();

    String sql = "select imgSave from img";

    ResultSet rs = sta.executeQuery(sql);

    rs.next();

    if(rs.next()){

    Blob blob = rs.getBlob(1);

    img = ImageIO.read(blob.getBinaryStream());

    }

    } catch (IOException e) {

    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

    e.printStackTrace();

    } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {

    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

    e.printStackTrace();

    } catch (SQLException e) {

    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

    e.printStackTrace();

    }

    return new ImageIcon(img);

    }

    public Connection getConn() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, SQLException{

    Properties props = new Properties();

    InputStream in = Properties.class.getResourceAsStream("/db.properties");

    props.load(in);

    in.close();

    String driver = props.getProperty("driver");

    System.out.println(driver);

    String url = props.getProperty("url");

    String user = props.getProperty("user");

    String pwd = props.getProperty("pwd");

    Class.forName(driver);

    return DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,pwd);

    }

    }

    1、 执行存储过程

    1、概述:
    2、示例
    1:执行无参数的存储过程。

    存储过程结构:其中view_test是mysql中的视图,请参见java实训笔记(九)。


    代码:

    import java.io.IOException;

    import java.io.InputStream;

    import java.util.Properties;

    import java.sql.*;

    public class ProcedureTest {

    /**

    * @param args

    */

    public static void main(String[] args) {

    // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    ProcedureTest proc = new ProcedureTest();

    try {

    Connection con = proc.getConn();

    CallableStatement call = con.prepareCall("{call sp_t1}");

    ResultSet rs = call.executeQuery();

    While(rs.next()){

    System.out.println(“学生信息如下:”+rs.getString(1)+”:”+rs.getString(2)+”:”+rs.getString(3)+”:”+rs.getString(4));

    }

    } catch (IOException e) {

    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

    e.printStackTrace();

    } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {

    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

    e.printStackTrace();

    } catch (SQLException e) {

    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

    e.printStackTrace();

    }

    }

    public Connection getConn() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException,

    SQLException {

    Properties props = new Properties();

    InputStream in = Properties.class.getResourceAsStream("/db.properties");

    props.load(in);

    in.close();

    String driver = props.getProperty("driver");

    String url = props.getProperty("url");

    String user = props.getProperty("user");

    String pwd = props.getProperty("pwd");

    Class.forName(driver);

    return DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, pwd);

    }

    }

    2:带输入参数的存储过程。

    存储过程结构:


    代码:

    import java.io.IOException;

    import java.io.InputStream;

    import java.util.Properties;

    import java.sql.*;

    public class ProcedureTest {

    /**

    * @param args

    */

    public static void main(String[] args) {

    // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    ProcedureTest proc = new ProcedureTest();

    try {

    Connection con = proc.getConn();

    CallableStatement call = con.prepareCall("{call sp_t2(?,?)}");

    call.setInt(1, 10);

    call.setInt(2, 30);

    ResultSet rs = call.executeQuery();

    if(rs.next()) System.out.println(rs.getInt(1));

    } catch (IOException e) {

    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

    e.printStackTrace();

    } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {

    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

    e.printStackTrace();

    } catch (SQLException e) {

    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

    e.printStackTrace();

    }

    }

    public Connection getConn() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException,

    SQLException {

    Properties props = new Properties();

    InputStream in = Properties.class.getResourceAsStream("/db.properties");

    props.load(in);

    in.close();

    String driver = props.getProperty("driver");

    String url = props.getProperty("url");

    String user = props.getProperty("user");

    String pwd = props.getProperty("pwd");

    Class.forName(driver);

    return DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, pwd);

    }

    }

    3:带输入参数和输出参数的存储过程。

    存储过程结构:


    代码:

    import java.io.IOException;

    import java.io.InputStream;

    import java.util.Properties;

    import java.sql.*;

    public class ProcedureTest {

    /**

    * @param args

    */

    public static void main(String[] args) {

    // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    ProcedureTest proc = new ProcedureTest();

    try {

    Connection con = proc.getConn();

    CallableStatement call = con.prepareCall("{call sp_t3(?,?,?)}");

    call.setInt(1, 20);

    call.setInt(2, 30);

    call.registerOutParameter(3, Types.INTEGER);

    call.execute();

    System.out.println(call.getInt(3));

    } catch (IOException e) {

    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

    e.printStackTrace();

    } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {

    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

    e.printStackTrace();

    } catch (SQLException e) {

    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

    e.printStackTrace();

    }

    }

    public Connection getConn() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException,

    SQLException {

    Properties props = new Properties();

    InputStream in = Properties.class.getResourceAsStream("/db.properties");

    props.load(in);

    in.close();

    String driver = props.getProperty("driver");

    String url = props.getProperty("url");

    String user = props.getProperty("user");

    String pwd = props.getProperty("pwd");

    Class.forName(driver);

    return DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, pwd);

    }

    }

    4:存储过程多个查询结果。

    说明:多个select结果时使用getMoreResults判断,如果是操作语句(增加、删除、修改)使用getUpdateCount判断。


    代码:

    import java.io.IOException;

    import java.io.InputStream;

    import java.util.Properties;

    import java.sql.*;

    public class ProcedureTest {

    /**

    * @param args

    */

    public static void main(String[] args) {

    // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    ProcedureTest proc = new ProcedureTest();

    try {

    Connection con = proc.getConn();

    CallableStatement call = con.prepareCall("{call sp_t4}");

    boolean flag=call.execute();

    if (flag) {

    ResultSet rs = call.getResultSet();

    while (rs.next()) {

    System.out.println(rs.getString(1));

    }

    while(call.getMoreResults()){

    ResultSet rs1 = call.getResultSet();

    while (rs1.next()) {

    System.out.println(rs1.getString(2));

    }

    }

    }

    } catch (IOException e) {

    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

    e.printStackTrace();

    } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {

    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

    e.printStackTrace();

    } catch (SQLException e) {

    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

    e.printStackTrace();

    }

    }

    public Connection getConn() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException,

    SQLException {

    Properties props = new Properties();

    InputStream in = Properties.class.getResourceAsStream("/db.properties");

    props.load(in);

    in.close();

    String driver = props.getProperty("driver");

    String url = props.getProperty("url");

    String user = props.getProperty("user");

    String pwd = props.getProperty("pwd");

    Class.forName(driver);

    return DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, pwd);

    }

    }






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