dentry, 既directory entry的缩写, 是Linux VFS中用来管理树状目录的结构, 在内存中生成, 并不存在于实际的文件系统中.
dentry结构的定义(linux/include/dcache.h)如下:
struct dentry {
/* RCU lookup touched fields */
unsigned int d_flags; /* protected by d_lock */
seqcount_t d_seq; /* per dentry seqlock */
struct hlist_bl_node d_hash; /* lookup hash list */
struct dentry *d_parent; /* parent directory */
struct qstr d_name;
struct inode *d_inode; /* Where the name belongs to - NULL is
* negative */
unsigned char d_iname[DNAME_INLINE_LEN]; /* small names */
/* Ref lookup also touches following */
struct lockref d_lockref; /* per-dentry lock and refcount */
const struct dentry_operations *d_op;
struct super_block *d_sb; /* The root of the dentry tree */
unsigned long d_time; /* used by d_revalidate */
void *d_fsdata; /* fs-specific data */
struct list_head d_lru; /* LRU list */
/*
* d_child and d_rcu can share memory
*/
union {
struct list_head d_child; /* child of parent list */
struct rcu_head d_rcu;
} d_u;
struct list_head d_subdirs; /* our children */
struct hlist_node d_alias; /* inode alias list */
};
这其中比较基本和重要的成员是d_parent, d_child, d_name和d_inode, 分别用来记录上级目录, 下级成员(如果当前dentry为目录文件), 文件名以及所指向的inode.
区别于记录文件数据的inode, dentry只用来记录文件的组织和管理信息. 路径就是由多个dentry连接而成的, 例如/home/user/foo路径中的根目录/, 目录home, 目录user和文件foo各自都是一个dentry结构. 所有的dentry索引起来就形成了文件系统的树状结构.