1. rpm简单命令查看已经安装的软件rpm -qa | grep mysql强力卸载软件rpm -e --nodeps mysql安装软件rpm -ivy xxx.rpm2. yum下载源cd /etc/yum.repos.d如果是RHEL, 则/etc/yum.repos.d下没有任何源.可以通过rpm -ivh epel*.rpm安装源. 安装后会在/etc/yum.repos.d下生成repl.repo文件.如果是CentOS, 则有CentOS-Base.repo. 在确保虚拟机能够ping通外网, 可以直接通过wget获取文件.RHEL使用163源http://boris05.blog.51cto.com/1073705/1439865删除redhat原有的yum源rpm -aq|grep yum|xargs rpm -e --nodeps下载yum安装文件 163 6.5wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch.rpm wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/os/x86_64/Packages/python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm进行安装yumrpm -ivh python* rpm -ivh yum*更改yum源cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ vim /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel.repo [base] name=CentOS-$releasever - Base baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/os/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 #released updates [updates] name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/updates/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 #packages used/produced in the build but not released #[addons] #name=CentOS-$releasever - Addons #baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/ #gpgcheck=1 #gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 #additional packages that may be useful [extras] name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/extras/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages [centosplus] name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/centosplus/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 yum clean all yum makecache yum updateEPEL-7 下载源# wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/e/epel-release-7-1.noarch.rpm # rpm -ivh epel-release-7-1.noarch.rpm # rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7EPEL-6 下载源# wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm # rpm -ivh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm # rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6注意如果是CentOS, 则最后的rpm --import要修改成CentOS-6CentOS使用阿里云源CentOS-163源对于CentOS, /etc/yum.repos.d下有CentOS-Base.repo, 可以直接用别的源替换默认的, 或者新增加源.# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo mv /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo.backup mv /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-testing.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-testing.repo.backup wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo yum makecache更新源# yum clean all # yum makecache # yum update # yum repolist3. 安装基本软件1. 确保能够上网, 并且yum repolist有数据, 比如先下个163的源.当服务器稳定之后, 可以禁用源(文件后缀改下即可)# yum install wget**2.英文环境 **# vi ~/.bashrc export LANG=en_US.UTF-8 # source ~/.bashrc # vi /etc/sysconfig/i18n LANG="en_US.UTF-8"3. 安装gcc, git等# yum group install "Development Tools" --> CentOS6要使用yum groupinstall中间没有空格! # yum grouplist Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, product-id, subscription-manager This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Setting up Group Process Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Installed Groups: Console internet tools Development tools E-mail server Perl Support Security Tools这里已经安装了Development tools, 所以会显示在Installed Groups里. 注意不是yum group list如果没有安装, 会显示在Available Groups里. 上一步的英文环境很重要, 否则如果是中文环境, 你就不知道要安装哪个组了.4.yum安装MySQL客户端和服务器# yum info mysql # yum list | grep mysql # yum groupinfo "MySQL Database server" # yum groupinfo "MySQL Database client" Mandatory Packages: mysql Default Packages: MySQL-python mysql-connector-odbc Optional Packages: libdbi-dbd-mysql mysql-connector-java perl-DBD-MySQL当然也可以单独一个一个安装. 同样要注意在/etc/yum.repos.d中要存在163, 或者epel等源. 否则如果没有源, 安装任何软件都没有数据.http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaoluo501395377/archive/2013/04/07/3003278.htm...# yum install mysql mysql-server mysql-devel # service mysqld start # netstat -anpt | grep 3306 # chkconfig --add mysqld # chkconfig --list | grep mysqld # chkconfig mysqld on # mysqladmin -u root password 'root' # mysql -u root -p > show databases;5. nginx源码安装方式:http://network810.blog.51cto.com/2212549/1264669yum源安装: nginx默认不在源里. 需要自己去nginx官网下载repo文件. 下载完后可以删除或者备份.CentOS # vi /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo [nginx] name=nginx repo baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=0 enabled=1 RHEL # vi /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo [nginx] name=nginx repo baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/rhel/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=0 enabled=1 # yum install nginx如果服务器开启防火墙, 则要开放80端口# vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT重启防火墙# service iptables restart启动nginx方法. 显然第一种方法最快# service nginx start # cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin # ./nginx # /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf同mysqld加入到chkconfig的方式开机启动, 也可以把nginx加入开机启动项中.如果提示没有nginx这个service, 参考http://www.01happy.com/centos-nginx-shell-chkconfig可以在主机的浏览器上查看, 或者查看端口号80是否开启# netstat –na|grep 80 # ps -ef | grep nginx6. scp文件拷贝在主机中要拷贝文件到虚拟机中[主机]# scp xxx root@h101:~/ bash: scp: command not found lost connection [虚机]# yum install openssh-clients7. http虚拟机yum源# yum install -y httpd将主机上的iso文件拷贝到虚拟机中[主机]# scp **.iso root@h101:~/ [虚机]# mount -o loop CentOS*.iso /var/www/html# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/http-local.repo [http-local] name=http-local-on baseurl=http://192.168.56.101/CentOS_6.5_Final enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-68. http主机yum源上面的方式会将iso文件拷贝到虚拟机中, 占用本来空间就不多的虚拟机.可以不用这种方式, 而是在主机中安装httpd服务器(或者nginx), 在虚拟机中直接能访问也可以.9. 虚拟机ftp客户端◇ 主机中开启vsftpd服务, 虚拟机中安装ftp客户端,# yum install ftp # ftp 192.168.56.1 Connected to 192.168.56.1 (192.168.56.1). 220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2) Name (192.168.56.1:root): anonymous 331 Please specify the password. Password: 230 Login successful. Remote system type is UNIX. Using binary mode to transfer files. ftp>ls ftp服务器当前位置的文件列表 ftp>!Ls ftp客户端当前位置的文件列表10. SVN1). 查看服务器系统是否已经安装SVN[root@datanode01 svn]# svn --version svn，版本 1.6.11 (r934486) 编译于 Apr 12 2012，11:09:11 可使用以下的版本库访问模块: * ra_neon : 通过 WebDAV 协议使用 neon 访问版本库的模块。 - 处理“http”方案 - 处理“https”方案 * ra_svn : 使用 svn 网络协议访问版本库的模块。 - 使用 Cyrus SASL 认证 - 处理“svn”方案 * ra_local : 访问本地磁盘的版本库模块。 - 处理“file”方案说明svn已经安装, 并且支持http访问方式.[root@datanode01 svn]# whereis httpd httpd: /usr/sbin/httpd.event /usr/sbin/httpd /usr/sbin/httpd.worker /etc/httpd /usr/lib64/httpd /usr/include/httpd /usr/share/man/man8/httpd.8.gz [root@datanode01 svn]# whereis svn svn: /usr/bin/svn /usr/share/man/man1/svn.1.gz [root@datanode01 svn]# whereis svnserve svnserve: /usr/bin/svnserve /usr/share/man/man8/svnserve.8.gz2). 创建版本仓库◆ 新建一个目录用于存储SVN所有文件mkdir /data/data8/svn◆ 新建一个版本仓库svnadmin create /data/data8/svn/project◆ 修改 vi /data/data8/svn/project/conf/passwd 添加用户[users] # harry = harryssecret # sally = sallyssecret admin = admin123 zhengqh = zhengqh◆ 修改 vi /data/data8/svn/project/conf/authz 修改用户访问策略[groups] # harry_and_sally = harry,sally # harry_sally_and_joe = harry,sally,&joe; group1 = admin,zhengqh [/] @group1 = rw◆ 修改 vi /data/data8/svn/project/conf/svnserve.conf文件,让用户和策略配置升效.[general] anon-access = none auth-access = write password-db = /data/data8/svn/project/conf/passwd authz-db = /data/data8/svn/project/conf/authz◆ 启动服务器svnserve -d -r /data/data8/svn◆ 测试checkout代码库cd ~ svn co svn://172.17.212.69/project显示如下就表示成功了:Authentication realm: e296f93b-eec2-43dd-92b5-cc10ee55c901 Password for 'root': Authentication realm: e296f93b-eec2-43dd-92b5-cc10ee55c901 Username: admin Password for 'admin': ***3). 配置支持使用http访问◆ 创建svn帐号或修改密码：/usr/bin/htpasswd -b -c /data/data8/svn/svn-auth-file admin admin123 /usr/bin/htpasswd -b /data/data8/svn/svn-auth-file zhengqh zhengqh-c表示不存在这个文件时创建它. 注意第一行加-c, 后面添加用户不能加-c, 否则会发生覆盖.◆ 修改svn用户访问策略vi /data/data8/svn/svn-access-file [project:/] admin = rw zhengqh = rw◆ 修改svn目录权限chmod -R 777 /data/data8/svn/project◆ 查看svn和httpd依赖的文件:# cd /etc/httpd/modules # ls | grep svn mod_authz_svn.so mod_dav_svn.so◆ 修改 vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 增加LoadModule dav_svn_module /etc/httpd/modules/mod_dav_svn.so LoadModule authz_svn_module /etc/httpd/modules/mod_authz_svn.so DAV svn SVNParentPath /data/data8/svn AuthType Basic AuthName "Subversion repository" AuthUserFile /data/data8/svn/svn-auth-file Require valid-user AuthzSVNAccessFile /data/data8/svn/svn-access-file ◆ 启动apache httpd服务下面几个命令只要执行其中一个即可(最后一个/usr/local一般用于自定义安装httpd才使用)# /usr/sbin/apachectl start # /etc/init.d/httpd start # /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start◆ 重启svn服务# ps -ef | grep svn root 41348 1 0 11:22 ? 00:00:00 svnserve -d -r /data/data8/svn root 41971 40812 0 11:39 pts/2 00:00:00 grep svn # kill -9 41348 # svnserve -d -r /data/data8/svn4). 用户维护vi /data/data8/svn/project/conf/passwd 添加用户名 = 密码 vi /data/data8/svn/project/conf/authz 添加用户名到group1中 执行命令: /usr/bin/htpasswd -b /data/data8/svn/svn-auth-file 用户名 密码 添加用户的访问策略 vi /data/data8/svn/svn-access-file 用户名 = rw