环境配置以及背景知识环境Windows 8.1 64bitVS2013Microsoft DirectX SDK (June 2010)NVDIA Geforce GT755环境的配置参考VS2008整合DirectX9.0开发环境一些背景知识 DirectX的和应用层与硬件层的关系如下REF设备允许开发人员测试那些Direct3D提供了但未被图形设备所实现的功能。COM（Component Object Model）是一项可使DirectX独立于编程语言，并具备向下兼容的技术。基本思想是将大而复杂的应用软件分为一系列的可现行实现，易于开发，理解复用和调整的软件单元。COM组件是遵循COM规范编写，以Win32动态链接库（dll）或者可执行文件形式发布的可执行二进制代码（exe）。COM的优点：与开发语言无关通过接口有效保证了组件的复用性组件运行效率高，便于使用和管理下面可以正式开始今天的学习了。绘制一个三角形用到的DxUtility类在VS2008整合DirectX9.0开发环境已经实现了，可以直接去看。主要修改一下渲染的几个函数。#include "dxutility.h"#include #include //// Globals//IDirect3DDevice9* Device =0;
D3DXMATRIX World;
IDirect3DVertexBuffer9 * VB =0;constintWidth =800;constintHeight =600;structVertex{
Vertex(){};
Vertex(float_x,float_y,float_z)
{
x = _x;
y = _y;
z = _z;
}floatx, y, z;staticconstDWORD FVF;
};constDWORD Vertex::FVF = D3DFVF_XYZ;//// Framework Functions//boolSetup()
{
Device->CreateVertexBuffer(3*sizeof(Vertex),
D3DUSAGE_WRITEONLY,
Vertex::FVF,
D3DPOOL_MANAGED,
&VB;,0);
Vertex* vertices;
VB->Lock(0,0, (void**)&vertices;,0);
vertices[0] = Vertex(-1.0f,0.0f,2.0f);
vertices[1] = Vertex(0.0f,1.0f,2.0f);
vertices[2] = Vertex(1.0f,0.0f,2.0f);
VB->Unlock();
D3DXMATRIX proj;
D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(
&proj;,// resultD3DX_PI *0.5f,// 90 - degrees(float)Width / (float)Height,// aspect ratio1.0f,// near plane1000.0f);// far planeDevice->SetTransform(D3DTS_PROJECTION, &proj;);
Device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_FILLMODE, D3DFILL_WIREFRAME);returntrue;
}voidCleanup()
{
Dx::Release(VB);
}boolDisplay(floattimeDelta)
{if(Device)// Only use Device methods if we have a valid device.{
Device->Clear(0,0, D3DCLEAR_TARGET | D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER,0xffffffff,1.0f,0);
Device->BeginScene();
Device->SetStreamSource(0, VB,0,sizeof(Vertex));
Device->SetFVF(Vertex::FVF);// Draw one triangle.Device->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST,0,1);
Device->EndScene();
Device->Present(0,0,0,0);
}returntrue;
}//// WndProc//LRESULT CALLBACK Dx::WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{switch(msg)
{caseWM_DESTROY:
::PostQuitMessage(0);break;caseWM_KEYDOWN:if(wParam == VK_ESCAPE)
::DestroyWindow(hwnd);break;
}return::DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}//// WinMain//intWINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hinstance,
HINSTANCE prevInstance,
PSTR cmdLine,intshowCmd)
{if(!Dx::InitDx(hinstance,
Width, Height,true, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, &Device;))
{
::MessageBox(0,"InitD3D() - FAILED",0,0);return0;
}if(!Setup())
{
::MessageBox(0,"Setup() - FAILED",0,0);return0;
}
Dx::EnterMsgLoop(Display);
Cleanup();
Device->Release();return0;
}最终效果 给三角形加上颜色数据结构定义structColorVertex{
ColorVertex(float_x,float_y,float_z, D3DCOLOR c)
{
x = _x;
y = _y;
z = _z;
color = c;
}floatx, y, z;
D3DCOLOR color;staticconstDWORD FVF;
};constDWORD ColorVertex::FVF = D3DFVF_XYZ | D3DFVF_DIFFUSE;创建BufferDevice->CreateVertexBuffer(3*sizeof(ColorVertex),
D3DUSAGE_WRITEONLY,
ColorVertex::FVF,
D3DPOOL_MANAGED,
&VB;,0);
ColorVertex *v;
VB->Lock(0,0, (void**)&v;,0);
v[0] = ColorVertex(-1.0f,0.0f,2.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255,0,0));
v[1] = ColorVertex(0.0f,1.0f,2.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0,255,0));
v[2] = ColorVertex(1.0f,0.0f,2.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0,0,255));
VB->Unlock();在绘制函数中设置使用Ground插值进行三角形绘制bool Display(float timeDelta)
{if(Device)// Only use Device methods if we have a valid device.{
std::cout<<"Display"<Clear(0,0, D3DCLEAR_TARGET|D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER,0xffffffff,1.0f,0);
Device->BeginScene();
Device->SetStreamSource(0, VB,0, sizeof(ColorVertex));
Device->SetFVF(ColorVertex::FVF);
Device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_SHADEMODE, D3DSHADE_GOURAUD);
Device->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST,0,1);
Device->EndScene();
Device->Present(0,0,0,0);
}returntrue;
}渲染结果绘制一个旋转的正方体生成Vertex Buffer和Index BufferDevice->CreateVertexBuffer(8*sizeof(ColorVertex),
D3DUSAGE_WRITEONLY,
ColorVertex::FVF,
D3DPOOL_MANAGED,
&VB;,0);
Device->CreateIndexBuffer(36*sizeof(WORD),
D3DUSAGE_WRITEONLY,
D3DFMT_INDEX16,
D3DPOOL_MANAGED,
&IB;,0);
ColorVertex *v;
VB->Lock(0,0, (void**)&v;,0);
v[0] = ColorVertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255,0,0));
v[1] = ColorVertex(-1.0f,1.0f, -1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0,255,0));
v[2] = ColorVertex(1.0f,1.0f, -1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0,0,255));
v[3] = ColorVertex(1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255,255,0));
v[4] = ColorVertex(-1.0f, -1.0f,1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0,255,0));
v[5] = ColorVertex(-1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0,0,255));
v[6] = ColorVertex(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255,0,255));
v[7] = ColorVertex(1.0f, -1.0f,1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0,255,0));
VB->Unlock();
WORD* indices =0;
IB->Lock(0,0, (void**)&indices;,0);// front sideindices[0] =0; indices[1] =1; indices[2] =2;
indices[3] =0; indices[4] =2; indices[5] =3;// back sideindices[6] =4; indices[7] =6; indices[8] =5;
indices[9] =4; indices[10] =7; indices[11] =6;// left sideindices[12] =4; indices[13] =5; indices[14] =1;
indices[15] =4; indices[16] =1; indices[17] =0;// right sideindices[18] =3; indices[19] =2; indices[20] =6;
indices[21] =3; indices[22] =6; indices[23] =7;// topindices[24] =1; indices[25] =5; indices[26] =6;
indices[27] =1; indices[28] =6; indices[29] =2;// bottomindices[30] =4; indices[31] =0; indices[32] =3;
indices[33] =4; indices[34] =3; indices[35] =7;
IB->Unlock();绘制函数，让正方体旋转起来//// spin the cube://D3DXMATRIXRx, Ry;// rotate 45 degrees on x-axisD3DXMatrixRotationX(&Rx;,3.14f/4.0f);// incremement y-rotation angle each framestatic float y=0.0f;
D3DXMatrixRotationY(&Ry;, y);
y+=timeDelta;// reset angle to zero when angle reaches 2*PIif(y>=6.28f)
y=0.0f;// combine x- and y-axis rotation transformations.D3DXMATRIX p=Rx*Ry;
Device->SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD,&p;);
Device->Clear(0,0, D3DCLEAR_TARGET|D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER,0xffffffff,1.0f,0);
Device->BeginScene();
Device->SetStreamSource(0, VB,0, sizeof(ColorVertex));
Device->SetIndices(IB);
Device->SetFVF(ColorVertex::FVF);
Device->DrawIndexedPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST,0,0,8,0,12);
Device->EndScene();
Device->Present(0,0,0,0);在屏幕上显示FPS信息首先初始化文字D3DXFONT_DESC d3dFont;
memset(&d3dFont;,0, sizeof(d3dFont));
d3dFont.Height=25;// in logical unitsd3dFont.Width=12;// in logical unitsd3dFont.Weight=500;// boldness, range 0(light) - 1000(bold)d3dFont.Italic=FALSE;
d3dFont.CharSet=DEFAULT_CHARSET;
strcpy_s(d3dFont.FaceName,"Times New Roman");if(FAILED(D3DXCreateFontIndirect(Device,&d3dFont;,&font;)))
{::MessageBox(0,"D3DXCreateFontIndirect() - FAILED",0,0);::PostQuitMessage(0);
}声明几个变量ID3DXFont* font =0;
DWORD FrameCnt =0;floatTimeElapsed =0;floatFPS =0;charFPSString[16];FPS的计算 FrameCnt++;
TimeElapsed += timeDelta;
if (TimeElapsed >= 1.0f)
{
FPS = (float)FrameCnt / TimeElapsed;
sprintf_s(FPSString, "FPS:%f", FPS);
FPSString[15] = '\0'; // mark end of string
TimeElapsed = 0.0f;
FrameCnt = 0;
}文字的渲染Device->BeginScene();RECTrect = {0,0,Width,Height};
font->DrawText(
m_pSprite,FPSString,
-1,//size of stringor-1indicates null terminating string
▭,//rectangle text is to be formatted toinwindows coordsDT_TOP|DT_LEFT,//drawinthe top left corner of the viewport0xff000000);//black textDevice->EndScene();记住最后要Clear掉COM对象voidCleanup(){Dx::Release(VB);Dx::Release(IB);Dx::Release(font);}运行结果参考Introduction to 3D Game Programming with DirectX® 9.0