DDR2 DIMM SPD Definition 最近在menlow平台上看一个关于DDR2的bug，在兼容某家的800HZ内存的时候会出现不开机的情况，后来也详细研究了一下award的memory initialization的部分。下面这篇文章感觉把东西都总结出来，挺不错的。本文的原地址是： http://www.simmtester.com/page/news/showpubnews.asp?title=DDR2+DIMM+SPD+Definition#=139 Friday, August 25, 2006 Introduction Since I wrote揢nderstanding DDR Serial Presence Detect (SPD) Table?/STRONG> in 2003, I have been getting a lot a feedback from readers. Some of you told me that you are using this article to train your employees,and to introduce the mysteries SPD concept to your customers. I feel honored by your responses. Lately, some of you had encouraged me to add the DDR2 SPD Table. Since the DDR2 DIMM has taken mainstream recently, I think this is the time to add an article for the DDR2 SPD Table. Due to the many more years of development, the DDR2 SPD table has definitely got more sophisticated than the original DDR SPD table. Your attention is required to understand and follow through. I will try to use as much layman language, as I can to accommodate you all.Picture of a 8pin-SPD EEPROM made by AtmelSerial Presence Detect (SPD) data is probably the most misunderstood subject in the memory module industry.Most people only know it as the little Eprom device on the DIMM that often kept the module from working properly in the computer. On the contrary, it is quite the opposite. The SPD data actually provide vital information to thesystem Bios to keep the system working in optimal condition with the memory DIMM. This article attempts to guide you through the construction of an SPD table with 揟urbo-Tax?type of multiple choices questions. I hope you抣l find it interesting and useful. Byte 0Number of Serial PD Bytes written during module productionThis field describes the total number of bytes used by the module manufacturer for the SPD data and any (optional)specific supplier information. The byte count includes the fields for all required and optional data.For most manufacturers, they do not insert optional data and the resulting data (in hex) would normally be:128Byte: 80h 256Byte: FFh Byte 1Total number of Bytes in Serial PD deviceThis field describes the total size of the serial memory used to hold the Serial Presence Detect data,device used is usually 128 Bytes or 256 Bytes with 256 Bytes as the most common. 256 Byte (24C02) (34C02) with Software Write Protect function (34C02B)with Reversible Software Write Protect function : 08h 128 Byte (24C01): 07h Byte 2Fundamental Memory TypeThis refers to the DRAM type. In this case, we are only dealing with DDR2 SDRAM.DDR2 SDRAM: 08h Byte 3Number of Row Addresses on this assemblyThis relates to the DRAM size as well as the Refresh scheme of the DRAM.The best way to discover this is to use the AutoID function of the CST DIMM tester.You would first run the AutoID on the tester. You then use the [Edit] [AdrDat] function to display the Row and Column Address counts.15: 0Fh 14: 0Eh 13: 0Dh12: 0Ch Byte 4Number of Column Addresses on this assemblyThis relates to the DRAM size as well as the Refresh scheme of the DRAM.The best way to discover this is to use the AutoID function of the CST DIMM tester.You would first run the AutoID on the tester. You then use the [Edit] [AdrDat] functionto display the Row and Column Address counts. 13: 0Dh 12: 0Ch 11: 0Bh 10: 0Ah 09: 09h Byte 5Module Attributes - Number of Physical Banks on DIMM, Package and HeightThis is a multi-purpose field that involves calculations and bit combination.A Flash program combine them together and give you an automatic result afteryou have selected the different attributes. Byte 6Module Data Width of this assemblyThis refers to the number of data bit width on the module. For a standard 8 byte DIMM, 64 bitswould be most common while an 8 byte ECC module would have 72 bits. Some special module mighteven have up to 144 bits. In any case, a CST tester Auto ID function would tell you this numberin plain English.32 bit: 20h 64 bit: 40h 72 bit: 48h 144 bit: 90h Byte 7ReservedNot available: 00h Byte 8Voltage Interface Level of this assemblyThis refers to the power supply voltage Vdd of the DIMM. Standard DDR2 SDRAM module would be SSTL 1.8V1.8V DDR2: 05h Recommended Default Byte 9SDRAM Device Cycle timeThis commonly referred to the clock frequency of the DIMM. Running at its specified CL latency. 5.0 ns (400Mhz):50h 3.75 ns (533Mhz):3Dh 3.0 ns (667Mhz): 30h2.5 ns (800Mhz):25h Byte 10SDRAM Device Access from Clock (tAC)This byte defines the maximum clock to data out time for the SDRAM module. You can normallyread off the tAC specification on the Timing Parameter table.+/-0.6 ns: 60h+/-0.5 ns: 50h+/-0.45 ns: 45h+/-0.40 ns: 40h Byte 11DIMM Configuration TypeThis is to identify the DIMM as ECC, Parity, or Non-parity. Normally non-parity is related to64 bit module, Parity and ECC are related to 72 bit or higher memory bit width on the module.NonECC: 00h ECC: 02hAddress/Command Parity with ECC: 06h Byte 12Refresh RateThis byte describes the module's refresh rate and if it is self-refreshing or non-self refreshing.Today, most standard modules would be capable of self-refreshing. The refresh time is easily readfrom the DRAM manufacturer data sheet. Refresh time can be listed in two different ways.1. In Refresh Interval Time. For example: 15.6usec. or 7.8usec.2. In milli-seconds per x Refresh Cycles. For example: 62.4ms in 8K refreshThis can be converted back into refresh interval time with the equation:Refresh Interval = Total Refresh Period/number of refresh cycles.15.6 us Self-refresh (4K): 80h 7.8 us Self-refresh (8K): 82h15.6 us non Self-refresh : 00h 7.8 us non Self-refresh : 02h Byte 13Primary SDRAM WidthThis refers to the bit width of the primary data SDRAM.For a standard DIMM module. 4 bits:04h 8 bits: 08h 16 bits:10h Byte 14Error Checking SDRAM WidthThis refers to the bit width of the error checking DRAM. For a standard module,it is either no ECC bit, or 8 bits on a regular 8 byte module. It can also be 16 bits ona 144 bit (16 byte) module.No-ECC: 00h 8bits: 08h 16bits: 10h Byte 15ReservedNot available: 00h Byte 16Burst Lengths SupportedThis is indicates the burst length supported. In DDR2, standard DRAM are all 4, 8 burst supported.4, 8 Burst length supported: 0Ch Byte 17Number of Banks on SDRAM DeviceThis is referring to the internal bank on the DRAM chip. All modern DDR2 chips under 1Gbit have4 internal banks. For chips at 1Gbit or above, they have 8 internal banks.4 Internal Banks: 04h 8 Internal Banks (for 1Gb or 2Gb chips only): 08h Byte 18CAS Latency (CL)This refers to the all the different Cas Latency supported by your chip. This can vary with thefrequency you operate your DIMM. This number can be read off your DRAM data sheet.CL=3 and 4 supported: 18hCL=4 and 5 supported: 30hCL=5 and 6 supported: 60hCL=5 supported: 20hCL=6 supported: 40h Byte 19DIMM Mechanical CharacteristicsThis defines the module thickness where the maximum thickness includes all assembly parts: devices,heat spreaders, or other mechanical components. This information together with the DIMM type, allowsthe system to adjust for thermal operation specifications.Byte 20DIMM type informationThis byte identifies the DDR2 SDRAM memory module type.Each module type specified in this Byte 20 defines a unique index for module thickness specified in Byte 19,which may be used in conjunction with thermal specifications in Bytes 21 and 47-61 to adjust system operationconditions based on installed modules. Undefined 00h Regular Registered DIMM: 01h Regular Unbuffered DIMM: 02h SO-DIMM: 04h Micro-DIMM: 08h Mini-Registered DIMM: 10h Mini-Unbuffered DIMM: 20h Byte 21SDRAM Module AttributesThis byte involves 4 main items. Bit 0-1 signifies the number of registers on the DIMM. Bit 2-3 signifiesthe number of PLL抯 on the DIMM. Bit 4 indicates if any on board FET switch is enabled. Bit 6 indicatesif an analysis probe is installed. In most cases, Bit 4 and Bit 6 are not used. The resulting hex code is calculated as follows: 0 PLL chip and 1 Register chip 00h0 PLL chip and 2 Register chip 01h1 PLL chip and 1 Register chip 04h1 PLL chip and 2 Register chip 05h2 PLL chip and 1 Register chip 08h2 PLL chip and 2 Register chip 09h Byte 22SDRAM Device Attributes 朑eneralThis byte is a multi-purpose byte. It includes PASR (Partial Array Self Refresh) , 50 ohm ODT enable andalso support of Weak Driver. The resultant hex code is calculated based on the selection you made. Supports PASR Supports 50 ohm Supports weak driver HEX No No No 00hNo No Yes 01hNo Yes No 02hNo Yes Yes 03hYes No No 04hYes No Yes 05hYes Yes No 06hYes Yes Yes 07h Byte 23SDRAM Min Clock Cycle at CLX-1This is referred to the speed (or frequency) the DRAM can run at when the Cas Latencyis reduced by 1 clock. This data can be looked up from the datasheet of the DRAM.This is usually listed at the first page of the data sheet where it mentioned highestfrequency it can run at a certain Cas latency setting.De-rated latency3.0ns (667 Mhz): 30h 3.75 ns (533Mhz) : 3Dh 5.0 ns (400Mhz) 50h Undefined: 00h Byte 24Max Data Access Time(tAC) at CLX-1This is referred to DQ output access time from CK/CK* at when the Cas Latency is reduced by 1 clock.This data can be looked up from the datasheet of the DRAM. This is usually listed as tAC on the datasheet where it mention maximum frequency it can run at a certain CAS latency setting.+/-0.45ns: 45h +/-0.5 ns: 50h +/-0.6 ns: 60h Undefined: 00h Byte 25SDRAM Min Clock Cycle at CLX-2This is referred to the speed the DRAM can run at when the Cas Latency is forced to reduce by two notches.This data can be looked up from the datasheet of the DRAM. This is usually listed at the first page of thedata sheet where it mentioned the frequency it can run at a certain Cas latency setting.3.75 ns (533Mhz): 3Dh 5.0 ns (400Mhz): 50h Undefined: 00h Byte 26Max Data Access Time(tAC)CLX-2This is referred to DQ output access time from CK/CK* at when the Cas Latency is reduced by 2 clock.This data can be looked up from the datasheet of the DRAM. This is usually listed as tAC on the datasheet where it mention maximum frequency it can run at a certain CAS latency setting.+/-0.45ns: 45h +/-0.5 ns: 50h +/-0.6 ns: 60h Byte 27Minimum Row Pre-charge Time (tRP)This is tRP min read off the DRAM data sheet.15 ns: 3Ch Byte 28Minimum Row to Row Access Delay (tRRD)This is the tRRD min time read off the DRAM data sheet.(x4,x8) 7.5ns: lEh (x16) 10 ns: 28h Byte 29Minimum Ras to Cas Delay (tRCD)This is the tRCD min time read off the DRAM data sheet15 ns: 3Ch Byte 30Minimum Active to Pre-charge Time (tRAS)This is the tRAS min time read of the DRAM data sheet.40 ns: 28h (For DDR2 533/400Mhz)39 ns 27h (For DDR2 667 Mhz) Byte 31Module Bank DensityThis refers to the Mega-Byte in each physical bank (per rank) on the DIMM.For example: if a 256MB module has two physical banks, then each physical bankshould have 128MB.128MB: 20h 256MB:40h 512MB: 80h1G: 01h 2G: 02h 4G: 04hByte 32Address and Command Input Setup Time Before Clock (tIS)This refers to the time of the address and command lines have to occur before thenext clock edge. It is labeled as tIS min in the case of DDR2.DDR2 (tIS) 0.2ns: 20h 0.25 ns:25h 0.30 ns:30h 0.35 ns: 35h Byte 33Address and Command Input Hold Time After Clock (tIH)This refers to the period of time the address and command lines have to hold afterthe last clock edge has appeared. It is labeled as tIH min in the case of DDR2.0.275 ns: 27h 0.325ns: 32h 0.375 ns: 37h 0.475 ns: 47h Byte 34SDRAM Device Data/Data Mask Input setup Time Before Data Strobe (tDS)This refers to the time of the Data and Data Mask lines have to occur before thenext clock edge. It is labeled as tDS min in the case of DDR2.DDR2(tDS) 0.05ns: 05h 0.10 ns:10h 0.15 ns:15h Byte 35Address and Command Input Hold Time After Clock (tDH)This refers to the period of time the Data and Data Mask lines have to hold afterthe last clock edge has appeared. It is labeled as tDH min in the case of DDR2.DDR2(tDH)0.175ns: 17h 0.225 ns: 22h 0.275 ns: 27h Byte 36Write recovery time (tWR)This byte describes the write recovery time(tWR)min15.0 ns: 3Ch Byte 37Internal write to read command delay (tWTR)This byte describes the internal write to read command delay (tWTR)min7.5 ns: 1Eh 10.0 ns:28h Byte 38Internal read to pre-charge command delay (tRTP)This byte describes internal read to precharge command delay(tRTP) 7.5 ns: 1Eh Byte 39Memory Analysis Probe CharacteristicsThis byte describes various functional and parametric characteristics of the memoryanalysis probe connected to this DIMM slot. These characteristics may be consultedby the BIOS to determine proper bus drive strength to account for additional busloading of the probe. It also describes functional characteristics of the probe thatmay be used to configure the memory controller to drive proper diagnostic signals tothe probe, such as via the TEST,NC pinNot available: 00h Default value if probe is not described Byte 40Extension of Byte 41 tRC and Byte 42 tRFCThis byte serves as an extension when Byte 41 or Byte 42 has run out of space toaccommodate the bigger valueWhen tRFC (byte 42) is 127.5ns, byte 40 is: 06hWhen tRFC (byte 42) is 327.5ns, byte 40 is: 07hWhen tRC (byte 41) is 63.75ns, byte 40 is: 50hWhen tRC (byte 41) is 65ns, byte 40 is: 00h Byte 41Minimum Active to Active Auto Refresh Time (tRCmin)53ns: 35h 54ns: 36h 55 ns: 37h 60 ns: 3Ch63.75ns: 8Eh 65ns: 41h Byte 42Minimum Auto Refresh to Active Auto Refresh Time (tRFC)This byte identifies the minimum Auto-Refresh to Active/Auto-Refresh Command Period (tRFC).(256Mb)75 ns: 4Bh (512Mb)105 ns: 69h(1Gb) 127.5ns: 7Fh (2Gb) 195ns: C3h(4Gb) 327.5ns: 47h Byte 43Maximum Device Cycle time (tCKmax)8 ns: 80h Byte 44Maximum Skew Between DQS and DQ (tDQSQ)Maximum DQS tolerance.0.24 ns: 18h 0.30 ns:1Eh 0.35 ns:23h Byte 45Maximum Read DataHold Skew Factor (tQHS)Maximum DOS and DO window tolerance.0.34 ns: 22h 0.40 ns:28h 0.45 ns:2Dh Byte 46PLL Relock TimeThis refers to the lock time on the PLL IC used in the registered module.You can read this off the PLL device datasheet.Undefined: 00h 8us: 08h 10us: 0Ah 12us: 0Ch 15 us: 0Fh Byte 47 to Byte 61These bytes describe the thermal characteristic of the memory chips and the logicchips used on the module. These are complex thermal data used in calculating thethermal throttling of the microprocessor speed under overstress conditions. In most systems,these data are ignored (or not available). Byte 47TcasemaxBits 7:4: Tcasemax Delta, the baseline maximum case temperature is 85 OC. Bits 3:0: DT4R4W Delta.Not available: 00h Byte 48Psi T-A DRAMThermal resistance of DRAM device package from top (case) to ambient (Psi T-A DRAM)Not available: 00h Byte 49DTO/Tcase Mode BitsBits 7:2:Case temperature rises from ambient due to IDDO/activate-pre- charge operation minus 2.8 OCoffset temperature. Bit 1: Double Refresh mode bit. BitO High Temperature self-refresh rate supportindicationNot available: 00h Byte 50DT2N/DT2QCase temperature rises from ambient due to IDD2N/precharge standby operation for UDIMM and due toIDD20/precharge quiet standby operation for RDIMM.Not available: 00h Byte 51DT2PCase temperature rises from ambient due to IDD2N/precharge standby operation for UDIMM and due toIDD20/precharge quiet standby operation for RDIMM.Not available: 00h Byte 52DT3NCase temperature rises from ambient due to IDD2P/precharge power-down operationNot available: 00h Byte 53DT3PfasCase temperature rises from ambient due to IDD3P Fast PDN Exit/active power-down with Fast PDNExit operationNot available: 00h Byte 54DT3PslowCase temperature rises from ambient due to IDD3P Slow PDN Exit/active power-down with Slow PDNExit operationNot available: 00h Byte 55DT4R/Mode BitBits 7:1: Case temperature rises from ambient due to IDD4R/page open burst read operation.Bit 0: Mode bit to specify if DT4W is greater or less than DT4RNot available: 00h Byte 56DT56Bits 7:1: Case temperature rises from ambient due to IDD4R/page open burst read operation.Bit 0: Mode bit to specify if DT4W is greater or less than DT4RNot available: 00h Byte 57DT7Case temperature rise from ambient due to IDD7/bank interleave read mode operationNot available: 00h Byte 58Psi T-A PLLThermal resistance of PLL device package from top (case) to ambient (Psi T-A PLL)Not available: 00h Byte 59Psi T-A RegisterThermal resistance of register device package from top (case) to ambient (Psi T-A Register)Mot available: 00h Byte 60DT PLL ActiveCase temperature rises from ambient due to PLLin active mode atVCC = 1.9 V the PLL loading is the DIMM loadingNot available: 00h Byte 61DT Register Active/Mode BitBits 7:1: Case temperature rises from ambient due to register in active mode at VCC = 1.9 V,the register loading is the RDIMM loading. Bit 0: mode bit to specify register data output toggle rate 50% or 100%Not available: 00h Byte 62SPD Data Revision CodeRevision 1.0: 10h Revision 1.1: 11 h Revision 1.2: 12h Byte 63Checksum for Byte 0 to 62Checksum is calculated and placed into this byte. All CST testers have automatic checksum calculation for this byte.All you have to do is to fill in and audit byte 0-62, the tester will automatically fill in byte 63 for youthrough the auto-checksum calculation. Byte 64-71Manufacturer抯 JEDEC ID CodeThis is a code obtained through manufacturer抯 registration with JEDEC ( the standard setting committee).A small fee is charged by JEDEC to support and maintain this record. Please contact JEDEC office.Byte 64 is the most significant byte. If the ID is not larger then one byte (in hex), byte 65-71 should befilled with00h. Byte 72Module manufacturing LocationOptional manufacturer assigned code. Byte 73-90Module Part NumberOptional manufacturer assigned part number.The manufacturer抯 part number is written in ASCII format within these bytes. Byte 73 is the mostsignificant digit in ASCII while byte 90 is the least significant digit in ASCII. Unused digits arecoded as ASCII blanks(20h).Byte 91-92Module Revision CodeOptional manufacturer assigned code. Byte 93-94Module Manufacturing DateByte 93 is the year: 2005 69h 2006 6Ah 2007 6BhByte 94 is the week of the year: wk1-wk15 01h ?0Fh wk16-wk31 10h ?1Fh wk32-wk47 20h ?2Fh wk48-wk52 30h ?34h Byte 95-98Module Serial NumberOptional manufacturer assigned number.On the serial number setting, JEDEC has no specification on the data format nor dictatesthe location of Most Significant Bit. Therefore, it抯 up to individual manufacturer toassign his numbering system. All CST testers and EZ-SPD programmers have the option foruser to select either byte 95 or byte 98 as the MSB (most significant bit). The testersassume the use of ASCII format; which is the most commonly used. The CST testers also havethe function to automatically increment the serial number on each module tested. Byte 99-127Manufacturer抯 Specific DataOptional manufacturer assigned data. Byte 128-255Open for Customer UseOptional for any information codes. Final Note: Everything in the above article and more are now implemented into the CST EZ-SPD DDR2Programmer software. The new features are: 1. Pop up window of explanation on each Byte.2. Clickable selection right from the illustration window.3. Auto checksum on byte 62.4. Text input on "manufacturer code" and "serial number". User define MSB/LSB format.5. Auto JEDEC week and year coding from PC clock.6. Software write protect function. .....just to name a few. For further information, please view :www.simmtester.com DDR2 SPD table reference from Micron Technology Byte 21- 27Byte 28 -40Byte 41 - 63Byte 64- 127