开发人员看测试之细说JBehave - 大数据 小世界
大数据 小世界发表于 2015-09-14 16:15:00
上篇我们说到如何从Github上clone出一个JBehave项目，既是为了学习JBehava，也是为了熟悉下Github。
从clone下来的项目看来，基本没什么问题，稍微捋一捋就可以运行，但是就clone下来的代码来看，自己还是遇到一个问题（不知道是代码问题，还是我自己的操作有问题），就是没有办法运行（后面会详说）。
正如上篇所说，构建一个JBehave的应用的5大步骤：
- Write story
- Map steps to Java
- Configure Stories
- Run Stories
- View Reports
这里，我们结合clone下来的项目分别对应这五个步骤了解JBehave是如何运行的并完成测试的。
1.Write story，设定一个story，给出一个情景，使用通用语言进行表示，不管是开发或是非开发的都能看懂
本项目有两个测试案例，一个是模拟登录的story:
loginYahoo.story：
Narrative:
In order to show the yahoo function
As a user
I want to login yahoo
Scenario: normal login
Given yahoo login address by.bouncer.login.yahoo.com
Then print successful
Narrative:
In order to show the yahoo function
As a user
I want to login yahoo
Scenario: normal login
Given yahoo login address by.bouncer.login.yahoo.com
Then print successful
另一个是模拟浏览的story:
TestStroies.story：
Browse Etsy.com
Meta:
@category browsing
@color red
Narrative:
In order to show the browsing cart functionality
As a user
I want to browse in a gallery
Scenario: Browsing around the site for items
Given I am on localhost
Then print hello world
!--Examples:
!--|host|hello|
!--|localhost|hello world|
!--|www.baidu.com|hello baidu|
Browse Etsy.com
Meta:
@category browsing
@color red
Narrative:
In order to show the browsing cart functionality
As a user
I want to browse in a gallery
Scenario: Browsing around the site for items
Given I am on localhost
Then print hello world
!--Examples:
!--|host|hello|
!--|localhost|hello world|
!--|www.baidu.com|hello baidu|
2.Map steps to Java， 将上述的每个story细分成每一个step，给出Given条件，则会得到Then的结果，从而将通用语言转换成可以通过代码逻辑描述的问题
loginYahoo.story对应的steps类TestLogin.java:
public class TestLogin {
@Given("yahoo login address $url")
public void getHostPage(String url){
System.out.println("++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"+url);
}
@Then("print $successful")
public void hello(String successful){
System.out.println("++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"+successful);
}
}
@Given("yahoo login address $url")
public void getHostPage(String url){
System.out.println("++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"+url);
}
@Then("print $successful")
public void hello(String successful){
System.out.println("++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"+successful);
}
}
TestStories.story对应的steps类TestStep.java:
public class TestStep {
@Given("I am on $host")
public void getHostPage(String host){
System.out.println("----------------------"+host);
}
@Then("print $hello")
public void hello(String hello){
System.out.println("----------------------"+hello);
}
}
@Given("I am on $host")
public void getHostPage(String host){
System.out.println("----------------------"+host);
}
@Then("print $hello")
public void hello(String hello){
System.out.println("----------------------"+hello);
}
}
3.Configure Stories 配置一些映射关系，比如如何找到并加载story文件等
public class EmbedderBase extends Embedder{
@Override
public EmbedderControls embedderControls() {
return new EmbedderControls().doIgnoreFailureInStories(true).doIgnoreFailureInView(true);
}
@Override
public Configuration configuration() {
Class<? extends EmbedderBase> embedderClass = this.getClass();
//MostUsefulConfiguration使用默认的配置
return new MostUsefulConfiguration()
//设置story文件的加载路径
.useStoryLoader(new LoadFromClasspath(embedderClass.getClassLoader()))
//设定生成报告的相关配置
.useStoryReporterBuilder(new StoryReporterBuilder()
.withCodeLocation(CodeLocations.codeLocationFromClass(embedderClass))
.withFormats(Format.CONSOLE, Format.TXT)
.withCrossReference(new CrossReference()))
//设定相关参数的转换
.useParameterConverters(new ParameterConverters()
.addConverters(new DateConverter(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd")))) // use custom date pattern
.useStepMonitor(new SilentStepMonitor());
}
}
@Override
public EmbedderControls embedderControls() {
return new EmbedderControls().doIgnoreFailureInStories(true).doIgnoreFailureInView(true);
}
@Override
public Configuration configuration() {
Class<? extends EmbedderBase> embedderClass = this.getClass();
//MostUsefulConfiguration使用默认的配置
return new MostUsefulConfiguration()
//设置story文件的加载路径
.useStoryLoader(new LoadFromClasspath(embedderClass.getClassLoader()))
//设定生成报告的相关配置
.useStoryReporterBuilder(new StoryReporterBuilder()
.withCodeLocation(CodeLocations.codeLocationFromClass(embedderClass))
.withFormats(Format.CONSOLE, Format.TXT)
.withCrossReference(new CrossReference()))
//设定相关参数的转换
.useParameterConverters(new ParameterConverters()
.addConverters(new DateConverter(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd")))) // use custom date pattern
.useStepMonitor(new SilentStepMonitor());
}
}
4.Run Stories
public class TraderStoryRunner {
@Test(groups={"test"})
public void runClasspathLoadedStoriesAsJUnit() {
// Embedder defines the configuration and candidate steps
Embedder embedder = new TestStories();
List<String> storyPaths = new StoryFinder().findPaths(CodeLocations.codeLocationFromClass(this.getClass()),"**/TestStories.story",""); // use StoryFinder to look up paths
embedder.runStoriesAsPaths(storyPaths);
}
@Test(groups={"test"})
public void runClasspathLoadedStories() {
// Embedder defines the configuration and candidate steps
Embedder embedder = new loginYahoo();
List<String> storyPaths = new StoryFinder().findPaths(CodeLocations.codeLocationFromClass(this.getClass()),"**/loginYahoo.story",""); // use StoryFinder to look up paths
embedder.runStoriesAsPaths(storyPaths);
}
}
@Test(groups={"test"})
public void runClasspathLoadedStoriesAsJUnit() {
// Embedder defines the configuration and candidate steps
Embedder embedder = new TestStories();
List<String> storyPaths = new StoryFinder().findPaths(CodeLocations.codeLocationFromClass(this.getClass()),"**/TestStories.story",""); // use StoryFinder to look up paths
embedder.runStoriesAsPaths(storyPaths);
}
@Test(groups={"test"})
public void runClasspathLoadedStories() {
// Embedder defines the configuration and candidate steps
Embedder embedder = new loginYahoo();
List<String> storyPaths = new StoryFinder().findPaths(CodeLocations.codeLocationFromClass(this.getClass()),"**/loginYahoo.story",""); // use StoryFinder to look up paths
embedder.runStoriesAsPaths(storyPaths);
}
}
这里可以看出，声明了两个类TestStories和loginYahoo。
TestStories.java
public class TestStories extends EmbedderBase {
@Override
public InjectableStepsFactory stepsFactory() {
return new InstanceStepsFactory(configuration(), new TestStep());//设定需要映射的step类
}
}
@Override
public InjectableStepsFactory stepsFactory() {
return new InstanceStepsFactory(configuration(), new TestStep());//设定需要映射的step类
}
}
loginYahoo.java:
public class loginYahoo extends EmbedderBase {
@Override
public InjectableStepsFactory stepsFactory() {
return new InstanceStepsFactory(configuration(), new TestLogin());//设定需要映射的step类
}
}
@Override
public InjectableStepsFactory stepsFactory() {
return new InstanceStepsFactory(configuration(), new TestLogin());//设定需要映射的step类
}
}
这两个类是一个桥梁的作用，用于设定从story到step的映射，注意这里的两个类是继承类EmbedderBase的，而EmbedderBase类又是Embedder的子类。
这是项目给出的测试类TraderStoryRunner，但是这里有一个问题，就是没有找到运行的入口，点击右键，除了一些maven的操作，并没有其他可以运行的指标，比如junit。
所以通过摸索，按照自己的方法，发现首先要做的就是添加junit测试库，这是必须的。具体步骤：
右键项目->Build path->Configured build path
打开对话框，选择Libraries->Add Library->JUnit,点击next，选择junit4->finished。
添加完Junit后，新建一个Junit测试类
将TraderStoryRunner类的主体方法放进去，命名为Tc.java
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import java.util.List;
import org.jbehave.core.embedder.Embedder;
import org.jbehave.core.io.CodeLocations;
import org.jbehave.core.io.StoryFinder;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.story.TestStories;
import com.story.loginYahoo;
public class Tc {
@BeforeClass
public static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception {
}
@AfterClass
public static void tearDownAfterClass() throws Exception {
}
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
}
@After
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
}
// @Test : 表示这是一个测试用例，只有标识了改符号的函数才会被执行测试
@Test
public void runClasspathLoadedStoriesAsJUnit() {
// Embedder defines the configuration and candidate steps
Embedder embedder = new TestStories();
List<String> storyPaths = new StoryFinder().findPaths(CodeLocations.codeLocationFromClass(this.getClass()),"**/TestStories.story",""); // use StoryFinder to look up paths
embedder.runStoriesAsPaths(storyPaths);
}
@Test
public void runClasspathLoadedStories() {
// Embedder defines the configuration and candidate steps
Embedder embedder = new loginYahoo();
List<String> storyPaths = new StoryFinder().findPaths(CodeLocations.codeLocationFromClass(this.getClass()),"**/loginYahoo.story",""); // use StoryFinder to look up paths
embedder.runStoriesAsPaths(storyPaths);
}
}
import java.util.List;
import org.jbehave.core.embedder.Embedder;
import org.jbehave.core.io.CodeLocations;
import org.jbehave.core.io.StoryFinder;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.story.TestStories;
import com.story.loginYahoo;
public class Tc {
@BeforeClass
public static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception {
}
@AfterClass
public static void tearDownAfterClass() throws Exception {
}
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
}
@After
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
}
// @Test : 表示这是一个测试用例，只有标识了改符号的函数才会被执行测试
@Test
public void runClasspathLoadedStoriesAsJUnit() {
// Embedder defines the configuration and candidate steps
Embedder embedder = new TestStories();
List<String> storyPaths = new StoryFinder().findPaths(CodeLocations.codeLocationFromClass(this.getClass()),"**/TestStories.story",""); // use StoryFinder to look up paths
embedder.runStoriesAsPaths(storyPaths);
}
@Test
public void runClasspathLoadedStories() {
// Embedder defines the configuration and candidate steps
Embedder embedder = new loginYahoo();
List<String> storyPaths = new StoryFinder().findPaths(CodeLocations.codeLocationFromClass(this.getClass()),"**/loginYahoo.story",""); // use StoryFinder to look up paths
embedder.runStoriesAsPaths(storyPaths);
}
}
至此，这个项目是可以运行起来了。
5.5.View Reports
点击运行上面的Tc.java类，可以得到：
Processing system properties {}
Using controls EmbedderControls[batch=false,skip=false,generateViewAfterStories=true,ignoreFailureInStories=false,ignoreFailureInView=false,verboseFailures=false,verboseFiltering=false,storyTimeoutInSecs=300,threads=1]
(BeforeStories)
Running story com/story/TestStories.story
Narrative:
In order to show the browsing cart functionality
As a user
I want to browse in a gallery
Browse Etsy.com
(com/story/TestStories.story)
Meta:
@category browsing
@color red
Scenario: Browsing around the site for items
----------------------localhost
Given I am on localhost
----------------------hello world
!--Examples:
!--|host|hello|
!--|localhost|hello world|
!--|www.baidu.com|hello baidu|
Then print hello world
!--Examples:
!--|host|hello|
!--|localhost|hello world|
!--|www.baidu.com|hello baidu|
(AfterStories)
Generating reports view to 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Git\Jbehave\TestBehave_v2_testng\target\jbehave' using formats '[console, txt]' and view properties '{defaultFormats=stats, decorateNonHtml=true, viewDirectory=view, decorated=ftl/jbehave-report-decorated.ftl, reports=ftl/jbehave-reports-with-totals.ftl, maps=ftl/jbehave-maps.ftl, navigator=ftl/jbehave-navigator.ftl, views=ftl/jbehave-views.ftl, nonDecorated=ftl/jbehave-report-non-decorated.ftl}'
Reports view generated with 0 stories (of which 0 pending) containing 0 scenarios (of which 0 pending)
Processing system properties {}
Using controls EmbedderControls[batch=false,skip=false,generateViewAfterStories=true,ignoreFailureInStories=false,ignoreFailureInView=false,verboseFailures=false,verboseFiltering=false,storyTimeoutInSecs=300,threads=1]
(BeforeStories)
Running story com/story/loginYahoo.story
Narrative:
In order to show the yahoo function
As a user
I want to login yahoo
(com/story/loginYahoo.story)
Scenario: normal login
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++by.bouncer.login.yahoo.com
Given yahoo login address by.bouncer.login.yahoo.com
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++successful
Then print successful
(AfterStories)
Generating reports view to 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Git\Jbehave\TestBehave_v2_testng\target\jbehave' using formats '[console, txt]' and view properties '{defaultFormats=stats, decorateNonHtml=true, viewDirectory=view, decorated=ftl/jbehave-report-decorated.ftl, reports=ftl/jbehave-reports-with-totals.ftl, maps=ftl/jbehave-maps.ftl, navigator=ftl/jbehave-navigator.ftl, views=ftl/jbehave-views.ftl, nonDecorated=ftl/jbehave-report-non-decorated.ftl}'
Reports view generated with 0 stories (of which 0 pending) containing 0 scenarios (of which 0 pending)
Using controls EmbedderControls[batch=false,skip=false,generateViewAfterStories=true,ignoreFailureInStories=false,ignoreFailureInView=false,verboseFailures=false,verboseFiltering=false,storyTimeoutInSecs=300,threads=1]
(BeforeStories)
Running story com/story/TestStories.story
Narrative:
In order to show the browsing cart functionality
As a user
I want to browse in a gallery
Browse Etsy.com
(com/story/TestStories.story)
Meta:
@category browsing
@color red
Scenario: Browsing around the site for items
----------------------localhost
Given I am on localhost
----------------------hello world
!--Examples:
!--|host|hello|
!--|localhost|hello world|
!--|www.baidu.com|hello baidu|
Then print hello world
!--Examples:
!--|host|hello|
!--|localhost|hello world|
!--|www.baidu.com|hello baidu|
(AfterStories)
Generating reports view to 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Git\Jbehave\TestBehave_v2_testng\target\jbehave' using formats '[console, txt]' and view properties '{defaultFormats=stats, decorateNonHtml=true, viewDirectory=view, decorated=ftl/jbehave-report-decorated.ftl, reports=ftl/jbehave-reports-with-totals.ftl, maps=ftl/jbehave-maps.ftl, navigator=ftl/jbehave-navigator.ftl, views=ftl/jbehave-views.ftl, nonDecorated=ftl/jbehave-report-non-decorated.ftl}'
Reports view generated with 0 stories (of which 0 pending) containing 0 scenarios (of which 0 pending)
Processing system properties {}
Using controls EmbedderControls[batch=false,skip=false,generateViewAfterStories=true,ignoreFailureInStories=false,ignoreFailureInView=false,verboseFailures=false,verboseFiltering=false,storyTimeoutInSecs=300,threads=1]
(BeforeStories)
Running story com/story/loginYahoo.story
Narrative:
In order to show the yahoo function
As a user
I want to login yahoo
(com/story/loginYahoo.story)
Scenario: normal login
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++by.bouncer.login.yahoo.com
Given yahoo login address by.bouncer.login.yahoo.com
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++successful
Then print successful
(AfterStories)
Generating reports view to 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Git\Jbehave\TestBehave_v2_testng\target\jbehave' using formats '[console, txt]' and view properties '{defaultFormats=stats, decorateNonHtml=true, viewDirectory=view, decorated=ftl/jbehave-report-decorated.ftl, reports=ftl/jbehave-reports-with-totals.ftl, maps=ftl/jbehave-maps.ftl, navigator=ftl/jbehave-navigator.ftl, views=ftl/jbehave-views.ftl, nonDecorated=ftl/jbehave-report-non-decorated.ftl}'
Reports view generated with 0 stories (of which 0 pending) containing 0 scenarios (of which 0 pending)
大体的思路，是将story和step对应起来，将story中的条件、参数传入step对应的类中，如果满足则通过测试，得到then给出的结果，否则得不到理想的结果。
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