IT博客汇 | CentOS6.7下Ansible部署

CentOS6.7下Ansible部署

showerlee发表于 2015-10-22 05:54:48

Ansible是一种集成IT系统的配置管理, 应用部署, 执行特定任务的开源平台, 它基于Python语言实现, 部署只需在主控端部署Ansible环境, 被控端无需安装代理工具, 只需打开SSH, 让主控端通过SSH秘钥认证对其进行所有的管理监控操作. 相对于SaltStack, 它除了无需在客户端进行任何配置, 而且它有一个很庞大的用户群体以及丰富的API, 很多配置参考都可以访问 https://github.com/ansible/获取. 

本文将帮助大家如何快速部署一个Ansible平台.

安装环境:

System: Centos 6.7 x64

Master: master.example.com

Minion: client01.example.com

Minion: client02.example.com

一. 环境部署及安装

1. 关闭iptables和SELINUX

# service iptables stop

# setenforce 0

# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux

...
SELINUX=disabled
...

2. Master端与Minion端安装EPEL第三方yum源

# rpm -Uvh http://ftp.linux.ncsu.edu/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

3.安装Ansible

# yum install ansible -y

二. 初始配置

1. 修改主机及组配置

# /etc/ansible/hosts

清除所有, 并添加:

client01.example.com
client02.example.com

[webservers]
client01.example.com
client02.example.com

2.配置SSH秘钥认证

# yum install ssh* -y

# ssh-keygen -t rsa

Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
24:13:34:e9:71:2b:20:0b:48:a6:86:9a:1d:1b:1d:26 root@master.example.com
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
|ooE o.+.         |
|* .+..oo.        |
|oooo.ooo..       |
|oo.+  o+.        |
|o o    .S        |
|                 |
|                 |
|                 |
|                 |
+-----------------+

同步公钥文件id_rsa.pub到目标主机

# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@client01.example.com

# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@client02.example.com

校验SSH免密码配置是否成功.

# ssh root@client02.example.com

如直接进入则配置完成.

3.定义主机与组

所有定义的主机与组规则都在/etc/Ansible/hosts下.

常见的写法:

192.168.1.21:2135 定义一个IP为192.168.1.21, SSH端口为2135的主机.

jumper ansible_ssh_port=22 ansible_ssh_host=192.168.1.50 定义一个别名为jumper, SSH端口为22, IP为192.168.1.50的主机.

组成员主机名称范例:

[webservers]
www[001:006].example.com
[dbservers]
db-[a:f].example.com

4.定义主机变量

主机可以指定变量, 后面可以供Playbooks调用

[atlanta]
host1 http_port=80 maxRequestsPerChild=808
host2 http_port=8080 maxRequestsPerChild=909

5.定义组变量

[atlanta]
host1
host2

[atlanta:vars]
ntp_server=ntp.atlanta.example.com
proxy=proxy.atlanta.example.com

6.匹配目标

重启webservers组所有SSH服务.

# ansible webservers -m service -a "name=sshd state=restarted"

client01.example.com | success >> {
    "changed": true, 
    "name": "sshd", 
    "state": "started"
}

client02.example.com | success >> {
    "changed": true, 
    "name": "sshd", 
    "state": "started"
}

三. Ansible常用模块及API

1.远程命令模块:

command: 执行远程主机SHELL命令:

# ansible webservers -m command -a "free -m"

client01.example.com | success | rc=0 >>
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:           996        108        887          0          7         41
-/+ buffers/cache:         58        937 
Swap:         1023          0       1023 

client02.example.com | success | rc=0 >>
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:           996        108        888          0          7         41
-/+ buffers/cache:         58        937 
Swap:         1023          0       1023

script: 远程执行MASTER本地SHELL脚本.(类似scp+shell)

# echo "df -h" > ~/test.sh

# ansible webservers -m script -a "~/test.sh"

client01.example.com | success >> {
    "changed": true, 
    "rc": 0, 
    "stderr": "OpenSSH_5.3p1, OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013\ndebug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config\r\ndebug1: Applying options for *\r\ndebug1: auto-mux: Trying existing master\r\ndebug1: mux_client_request_session: master session id: 2\r\ndebug1: mux_client_request_session: master session id: 2\r\nShared connection to client01.example.com closed.\r\n", 
    "stdout": "Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on\r\n/dev/sda3       6.6G  815M  5.5G  13% /\r\ntmpfs           499M     0  499M   0% /dev/shm\r\n/dev/sda1       190M   27M  154M  15% /boot\r\n"
}

client02.example.com | success >> {
    "changed": true, 
    "rc": 0, 
    "stderr": "OpenSSH_5.3p1, OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013\ndebug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config\r\ndebug1: Applying options for *\r\ndebug1: auto-mux: Trying existing master\r\ndebug1: mux_client_request_session: master session id: 2\r\ndebug1: mux_client_request_session: master session id: 2\r\nShared connection to client02.example.com closed.\r\n", 
    "stdout": "Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on\r\n/dev/sda3       6.6G  815M  5.5G  13% /\r\ntmpfs           499M     0  499M   0% /dev/shm\r\n/dev/sda1       190M   27M  154M  15% /boot\r\n"
}

2. copy模块

实现主控端向目标主机拷贝文件, 类似scp功能.

该实例实现~/test.sh文件至webservers组目标主机/tmp下, 并更新文件owner和group

# ansible webservers -m copy -a "src=~/test.sh dest=/tmp/ owner=root group=root mode=0755"

# ansible webservers -m copy -a "src=~/test.sh dest=/tmp/ owner=root group=root mode=0755"
client01.example.com | success >> {
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "c989bd551bfa8c755f6cacacb90c5c509432110e", 
    "dest": "/tmp/test.sh", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "69a238d8cb3c5f979252010b3299e524", 
    "mode": "0755", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "size": 6, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1445322165.21-234077402845688/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}

client02.example.com | success >> {
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "c989bd551bfa8c755f6cacacb90c5c509432110e", 
    "dest": "/tmp/test.sh", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "69a238d8cb3c5f979252010b3299e524", 
    "mode": "0755", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "size": 6, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1445322165.2-164402895387597/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}

3.stat模块

获取远程文件状态信息, 包括atime, ctime, mtime, md5, uid, gid等信息.

# ansible webservers -m stat -a "path=/etc/sysctl.conf"

client02.example.com | success >> {
    "changed": false, 
    "stat": {
        "atime": 1445312213.9599864, 
        "checksum": "704d7d26321b453d973939ee41aaf9861e238a78", 
        "ctime": 1444969315.401, 
        "dev": 2051, 
        "exists": true, 
        "gid": 0, 
        "gr_name": "root", 
        "inode": 130328, 
        "isblk": false, 
        "ischr": false, 
        "isdir": false, 
        "isfifo": false, 
        "isgid": false, 
        "islnk": false, 
        "isreg": true, 
        "issock": false, 
        "isuid": false, 
        "md5": "9ce78fbee91a542ca29d3e7945486e27", 
        "mode": "0644", 
        "mtime": 1437725687.0, 
        "nlink": 1, 
        "path": "/etc/sysctl.conf", 
        "pw_name": "root", 
        "rgrp": true, 
        "roth": true, 
        "rusr": true, 
        "size": 998, 
        "uid": 0, 
        "wgrp": false, 
        "woth": false, 
        "wusr": true, 
        "xgrp": false, 
        "xoth": false, 
        "xusr": false
    }
}

client01.example.com | success >> {
    "changed": false, 
    "stat": {
        "atime": 1445312212.9747968, 
        "checksum": "704d7d26321b453d973939ee41aaf9861e238a78", 
        "ctime": 1444969315.401, 
        "dev": 2051, 
        "exists": true, 
        "gid": 0, 
        "gr_name": "root", 
        "inode": 130328, 
        "isblk": false, 
        "ischr": false, 
        "isdir": false, 
        "isfifo": false, 
        "isgid": false, 
        "islnk": false, 
        "isreg": true, 
        "issock": false, 
        "isuid": false, 
        "md5": "9ce78fbee91a542ca29d3e7945486e27", 
        "mode": "0644", 
        "mtime": 1437725687.0, 
        "nlink": 1, 
        "path": "/etc/sysctl.conf", 
        "pw_name": "root", 
        "rgrp": true, 
        "roth": true, 
        "rusr": true, 
        "size": 998, 
        "uid": 0, 
        "wgrp": false, 
        "woth": false, 
        "wusr": true, 
        "xgrp": false, 
        "xoth": false, 
        "xusr": false
    }
}

4.get_url模块

实现在远程主机下载指定URL到本地.

# ansible webservers -m get_url -a "url=http://www.showerlee.com dest=/tmp/index.html mode=0400 force=yes"

client02.example.com | success >> {
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "470d6ab960810153bb8149c3754b0e8a2d89209d", 
    "dest": "/tmp/index.html", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "009949f770f35a4ea82105e5e923abcb", 
    "mode": "0400", 
    "msg": "OK (unknown bytes)", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "sha256sum": "", 
    "size": 81635, 
    "src": "/tmp/tmpa44PoE", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0, 
    "url": "http://www.showerlee.com"
}

client01.example.com | success >> {
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "9b1afd16f97c07638965ba0c5cf01037af00a38a", 
    "dest": "/tmp/index.html", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "5a935e77927286dfcb7a0190e8af461b", 
    "mode": "0400", 
    "msg": "OK (unknown bytes)", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "sha256sum": "", 
    "size": 81679, 
    "src": "/tmp/tmp5WHuj0", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0, 
    "url": "http://www.showerlee.com"
}

5.yum模块

Linux包管理平台操作, 常见都会有yum和apt, 此处会调用yum管理模式

# ansible servers -m yum -a "name=curl state=latest"

client01.example.com | success >> {
    "changed": false, 
    "msg": "", 
    "rc": 0, 
    "results": [
        "All packages providing curl are up to date"
    ]
}

client02.example.com | success >> {
    "changed": false, 
    "msg": "", 
    "rc": 0, 
    "results": [
        "All packages providing curl are up to date"
    ]
}

6. cron模块

远程主机crontab配置

# ansible webservers -m cron -a "name='check dir' hour='5,2' job='ls -alh > /dev/null'"

client02.example.com | success >> {
    "changed": true, 
    "jobs": [
        "check dir"
    ]
}

client01.example.com | success >> {
    "changed": true, 
    "jobs": [
        "check dir"
    ]
}

7.service模块

远程主机系统服务管理

# ansible webservers -m service -a "name=crond state=stopped"

# ansible webservers -m service -a "name=crond state=restarted"

# ansible webservers -m service -a "name=crond state=reloaded"

8.user服务模块

远程主机系统用户管理

添加用户:

# ansible webservers -m user -a "name=johnd comment='John Doe'"

删除用户:

# ansible webservers -m user -a "name=johnd state=absent remove=yes"

四. playbook介绍

1.编写playbook

playbook是一个不同于使用Ansible命令行执行方式的模式, 其功能是将大量命令行配置集成到一起形成一个可定制的配置管理和多主机部署的系统.

它通过YAML格式定义, 实现多台主机的应用部署.

以下是一个nginx部署示例:

# adduser ansible

# mkdir -p /home/ansible/playbooks/

# vi /home/ansible/playbooks/nginx.yml

- hosts: webservers # 定义操作对象, 可为主机或组
  vars: # 变量参数声明
    worker_processes: 4
    num_cpus: 4
    max_open_file: 65506
    root: /data
  remote_user: root 
  tasks: # 定义任务列表
  - name: ensure nginx is at the latest version
    yum: pkg=nginx state=latest # 安装nginx最新版本
  - name: write the nginx config file
    template: src=/home/ansible/nginx/nginx.conf dest=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf # 将nginx配置文件传送到远程目录
    notify:
    - restart nginx # 重启nginx
  - name: ensure nginx is running
    service: name=nginx state=started
  handlers:
    - name: restart nginx # 当配置文件发生变化后, 通知Handlers处理程序触发后续动作
      service: name=nginx state=restarted

2.定义nginx配置文件

# mkdir -p /home/ansible/nginx

# vi /home/ansible/nginx/nginx.conf

# For more information on configuration, see: 

user              nginx;  
worker_processes  {{ worker_processes }};  
{% if num_cpus == 2 %}  
worker_cpu_affinity 01 10;  
{% elif num_cpus == 4 %}  
worker_cpu_affinity 1000 0100 0010 0001;  
{% elif num_cpus >= 8 %}  
worker_cpu_affinity 00000001 00000010 00000100 00001000 00010000 00100000 01000000 10000000;  
{% else %}  
worker_cpu_affinity 1000 0100 0010 0001;  
{% endif %}  
worker_rlimit_nofile {{ max_open_file }};  
  
error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log;  
#error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log  notice;  
#error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log  info;  
  
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;  
  
events {  
    worker_connections  {{ max_open_file }};  
}  
  
  
http {  
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;  
    default_type  application/octet-stream;  
  
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '  
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '  
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';  
  
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;  
  
    sendfile        on;  
    #tcp_nopush     on;  
  
    #keepalive_timeout  0;  
    keepalive_timeout  65;  
  
    #gzip  on;  
      
    # Load config files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory  
    # The default server is in conf.d/default.conf  
    #include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;  
    server {  
        listen       80 default_server;  
        server_name  _;  
  
        #charset koi8-r;  
  
        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;  
  
        location / {  
            root   {{ root }};  
            index  index.html index.htm;  
        }  
  
        error_page  404              /404.html;  
        location = /404.html {  
            root   /usr/share/nginx/html;  
        }  
  
        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html  
        #  
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;  
        location = /50x.html {  
            root   /usr/share/nginx/html;  
        }  
  
    }  
  
}

Tip: worker_processes, num_cpus, max_open_file, root等参数调用playbook中相应变量的值

3.执行playbook

# ansible-playbook /home/ansible/playbooks/nginx.yml -f 10

PLAY [webservers] ************************************************************* 

GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** 
ok: [client01.example.com]
ok: [client02.example.com]

TASK: [ensure nginx is at the latest version] ********************************* 
ok: [client01.example.com]
ok: [client02.example.com]

TASK: [write the nginx config file] ******************************************* 
changed: [client01.example.com]
changed: [client02.example.com]

TASK: [ensure nginx is running] *********************************************** 
changed: [client01.example.com]
changed: [client02.example.com]

NOTIFIED: [restart nginx] ***************************************************** 
changed: [client02.example.com]
changed: [client01.example.com]

PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 
client01.example.com       : ok=5    changed=3    unreachable=0    failed=0   
client02.example.com       : ok=5    changed=3    unreachable=0    failed=0

部署nignx到远程webserver服务器配置完成.

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