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    [原]Android中插件开发篇之----类加载器

    jiangwei0910410003发表于 2014-11-24 12:15:07
    love 0

    前言

    关于插件,已经在各大平台上出现过很多,eclipse插件、chrome插件、3dmax插件,所有这些插件大概都为了在一个主程序中实现比较通用的功能,把业务相关或者让可以让用户自定义扩展的功能不附加在主程序中,主程序可在运行时安装和卸载。在android如何实现插件也已经被广泛传播,实现的原理都是实现一套插件接口,把插件实现编成apk或者dex,然后在运行时使用DexClassLoader动态加载进来,不过在这个开发过程中会遇到很多的问题,所以这一片就先不介绍如何开发插件,而是先解决一下开发过程中会遇到的问题,这里主要就是介绍DexClassLoader这个类使用的过程中出现的错误


    导读

    Java中的类加载器:http://blog.csdn.net/jiangwei0910410003/article/details/17733153

    Android中的动态加载机制:http://blog.csdn.net/jiangwei0910410003/article/details/17679823

    System.loadLibrary的执行过程:http://blog.csdn.net/jiangwei0910410003/article/details/41490133


    一、预备知识

    Android中的各种加载器介绍

    插件开发的过程中DexClassLoader和PathClassLoader这两个类加载器了是很重要的,但是他们也是有区别的,而且我们也知道PathClassLoader是Android应用中的默认加载器。他们的区别是:

    DexClassLoader可以加载任何路径的apk/dex/jar

    PathClassLoader只能加载/data/app中的apk,也就是已经安装到手机中的apk。这个也是PathClassLoader作为默认的类加载器的原因,因为一般程序都是安装了,在打开,这时候PathClassLoader就去加载指定的apk(解压成dex,然后在优化成odex)就可以了。


    我们可以看一下他们的源码:

    DexClassLoader.java

    /*
     * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
     *
     * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
     * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
     * You may obtain a copy of the License at
     *
     *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
     *
     * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
     * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
     * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
     * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
     * limitations under the License.
     */
    
    package dalvik.system;
    
    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.net.MalformedURLException;
    import java.net.URL;
    import java.util.zip.ZipFile;
    
    /**
     * Provides a simple {@link ClassLoader} implementation that operates on a
     * list of jar/apk files with classes.dex entries.  The directory that
     * holds the optimized form of the files is specified explicitly.  This
     * can be used to execute code not installed as part of an application.
     *
     * The best place to put the optimized DEX files is in app-specific
     * storage, so that removal of the app will automatically remove the
     * optimized DEX files.  If other storage is used (e.g. /sdcard), the
     * app may not have an opportunity to remove them.
     */
    public class DexClassLoader extends ClassLoader {
    
        private static final boolean VERBOSE_DEBUG = false;
    
        /* constructor args, held for init */
        private final String mRawDexPath;
        private final String mRawLibPath;
        private final String mDexOutputPath;
    
        /*
         * Parallel arrays for jar/apk files.
         *
         * (could stuff these into an object and have a single array;
         * improves clarity but adds overhead)
         */
        private final File[] mFiles;         // source file Files, for rsrc URLs
        private final ZipFile[] mZips;       // source zip files, with resources
        private final DexFile[] mDexs;       // opened, prepped DEX files
    
        /**
         * Native library path.
         */
        private final String[] mLibPaths;
    
        /**
         * Creates a {@code DexClassLoader} that finds interpreted and native
         * code.  Interpreted classes are found in a set of DEX files contained
         * in Jar or APK files.
         *
         * The path lists are separated using the character specified by
         * the "path.separator" system property, which defaults to ":".
         *
         * @param dexPath
         *  the list of jar/apk files containing classes and resources
         * @param dexOutputDir
         *  directory where optimized DEX files should be written
         * @param libPath
         *  the list of directories containing native libraries; may be null
         * @param parent
         *  the parent class loader
         */
        public DexClassLoader(String dexPath, String dexOutputDir, String libPath,
            ClassLoader parent) {
    
            super(parent);
    ......
    我们看到,他是继承了ClassLoader类的,ClassLoader是类加载器的鼻祖类。同时我们也会发现DexClassLoader只有一个构造函数,而且这个构造函数是:dexPath、dexOutDir、libPath、parent

    dexPath:是加载apk/dex/jar的路径

    dexOutDir:是dex的输出路径(因为加载apk/jar的时候会解压除dex文件,这个路径就是保存dex文件的)

    libPath:是加载的时候需要用到的lib库,这个一般不用

    parent:给DexClassLoader指定父加载器


    我们在来看一下PathClassLoader的源码

    PathClassLoader.java

    /*
     * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
     *
     * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
     * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
     * You may obtain a copy of the License at
     *
     *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
     *
     * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
     * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
     * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
     * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
     * limitations under the License.
     */
    
    package dalvik.system;
    
    import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStream;
    import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
    import java.net.MalformedURLException;
    import java.net.URL;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.Enumeration;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
    import java.util.zip.ZipEntry;
    import java.util.zip.ZipFile;
    
    /**
     * Provides a simple {@link ClassLoader} implementation that operates on a list
     * of files and directories in the local file system, but does not attempt to
     * load classes from the network. Android uses this class for its system class
     * loader and for its application class loader(s).
     */
    public class PathClassLoader extends ClassLoader {
    
        private final String path;
        private final String libPath;
    
        /*
         * Parallel arrays for jar/apk files.
         *
         * (could stuff these into an object and have a single array;
         * improves clarity but adds overhead)
         */
        private final String[] mPaths;
        private final File[] mFiles;
        private final ZipFile[] mZips;
        private final DexFile[] mDexs;
    
        /**
         * Native library path.
         */
        private final List<String> libraryPathElements;
    
        /**
         * Creates a {@code PathClassLoader} that operates on a given list of files
         * and directories. This method is equivalent to calling
         * {@link #PathClassLoader(String, String, ClassLoader)} with a
         * {@code null} value for the second argument (see description there).
         *
         * @param path
         *            the list of files and directories
         *
         * @param parent
         *            the parent class loader
         */
        public PathClassLoader(String path, ClassLoader parent) {
            this(path, null, parent);
        }
    
        /**
         * Creates a {@code PathClassLoader} that operates on two given
         * lists of files and directories. The entries of the first list
         * should be one of the following:
         *
         * <ul>
         * <li>Directories containing classes or resources.
         * <li>JAR/ZIP/APK files, possibly containing a "classes.dex" file.
         * <li>"classes.dex" files.
         * </ul>
         *
         * The entries of the second list should be directories containing
         * native library files. Both lists are separated using the
         * character specified by the "path.separator" system property,
         * which, on Android, defaults to ":".
         *
         * @param path
         *            the list of files and directories containing classes and
         *            resources
         *
         * @param libPath
         *            the list of directories containing native libraries
         *
         * @param parent
         *            the parent class loader
         */
        public PathClassLoader(String path, String libPath, ClassLoader parent) {
            super(parent);
    ....
    看到了PathClassLoader类也是继承了ClassLoader的,但是他的构造函数和DexClassLoader有点区别就是,少了一个dexOutDir,这个原因也是很简单,因为PathClassLoader是加载/data/app中的apk,而这部分的apk都会解压释放dex到指定的目录:

    /data/dalvik-cache


    这个释放解压操作是系统做的。所以PathClassLoader可以不需要这个参数的。


    上面看了他们两的区别,下面在来看一下Android中的各种类加载器分别加载哪些类:

    package com.example.androiddemo;
    
    import android.app.Activity;
    import android.content.Context;
    import android.os.Bundle;
    import android.util.Log;
    import android.widget.ListView;
    
    public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    
    	@Override
    	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    		
    		Log.i("DEMO", "Context的类加载加载器:"+Context.class.getClassLoader());
    		Log.i("DEMO", "ListView的类加载器:"+ListView.class.getClassLoader());
    		Log.i("DEMO", "应用程序默认加载器:"+getClassLoader());
    		Log.i("DEMO", "系统类加载器:"+ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader());
    		Log.i("DEMO", "系统类加载器和Context的类加载器是否相等:"+(Context.class.getClassLoader()==ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader()));
    		Log.i("DEMO", "系统类加载器和应用程序默认加载器是否相等:"+(getClassLoader()==ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader()));
    		
    		Log.i("DEMO","打印应用程序默认加载器的委派机制:");
    		ClassLoader classLoader = getClassLoader();
    		while(classLoader != null){
    			Log.i("DEMO", "类加载器:"+classLoader);
    			classLoader = classLoader.getParent();
    		}
    		
    		Log.i("DEMO","打印系统加载器的委派机制:");
    		classLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
    		while(classLoader != null){
    			Log.i("DEMO", "类加载器:"+classLoader);
    			classLoader = classLoader.getParent();
    		}
    		
    	}
    
    }

    运行结果:



    依次来看一下

    1) 系统类的加载器

    Log.i("DEMO", "Context的类加载加载器:"+Context.class.getClassLoader());
    Log.i("DEMO", "ListView的类加载器:"+ListView.class.getClassLoader());
    从结果看到他们的加载器是:BootClassLoader,关于他源码我没有找到,只找到了class文件(用jd-gui查看):


    看到他也是继承了ClassLoader类。


    2) 应用程序的默认加载器

    Log.i("DEMO", "应用程序默认加载器:"+getClassLoader());
    运行结果:


    默认类加载器是PathClassLoader,同时可以看到加载的apk路径,libPath(一般包括/vendor/lib和/system/lib)


    3) 系统类加载器

    Log.i("DEMO", "系统类加载器:"+ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader());
    运行结果:


    系统类加载器其实还是PathClassLoader,只是加载的apk路径不是/data/app/xxx.apk了,而是系统apk的路径:/system/app/xxx.apk


    4) 默认加载器的委派机制关系

    Log.i("DEMO","打印应用程序默认加载器的委派机制:");
    ClassLoader classLoader = getClassLoader();
    while(classLoader != null){
    	Log.i("DEMO", "类加载器:"+classLoader);
    	classLoader = classLoader.getParent();
    }
    打印结果:


    默认加载器PathClassLoader的父亲是BootClassLoader

    5) 系统加载器的委派机制关系

    Log.i("DEMO","打印系统加载器的委派机制:");
    classLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
    while(classLoader != null){
    	Log.i("DEMO", "类加载器:"+classLoader);
    	classLoader = classLoader.getParent();
    }
    运行结果:


    可以看到系统加载器的父亲也是BootClassLoader


    二、分析遇到的问题的原因和解决办法

    DexClassLoader加载原理和分析在实现插件时不同操作造成错误的原因分析

    这里主要用了三个工程:

    PluginImpl:插件接口工程(只是接口的定义)

    PluginSDK:插件工程(实现插件接口,定义具体的功能)

    HostProject:宿主工程(需要引用插件接口工程,然后动态的加载插件工程)(例子项目中名字是PluginDemos)



    第一、项目介绍

    下面来看一下源代码:

    1、PluginImpl工程:

    1) IBean.java

    package com.pluginsdk.interfaces;
    
    public abstract interface IBean{
      public abstract String getName();
      public abstract void setName(String paramString);
    }


    2) IDynamic.java

    package com.pluginsdk.interfaces;
    
    import android.content.Context;
    
    public abstract interface IDynamic{
      public abstract void methodWithCallBack(YKCallBack paramYKCallBack);
      public abstract void showPluginWindow(Context paramContext);
      public abstract void startPluginActivity(Context context,Class<?> cls);
      public abstract String getStringForResId(Context context);
    }
    其他的就不列举了。


    2、PluginSDK工程:

    1) Dynamic.java

    /**
     * Dynamic1.java
     * com.youku.pluginsdk.imp
     *
     * Function: TODO 
     *
     *   ver     date      		author
     * ──────────────────────────────────
     *   		 2014-10-20 		Administrator
     *
     * Copyright (c) 2014, TNT All Rights Reserved.
    */
    
    package com.pluginsdk.imp;
    
    import android.app.AlertDialog;
    import android.app.AlertDialog.Builder;
    import android.app.Dialog;
    import android.content.Context;
    import android.content.DialogInterface;
    import android.content.Intent;
    
    import com.pluginsdk.bean.Bean;
    import com.pluginsdk.interfaces.IDynamic;
    import com.pluginsdk.interfaces.YKCallBack;
    import com.youku.pluginsdk.R;
    
    /**
     * ClassName:Dynamic1
     *
     * @author   jiangwei
     * @version  
     * @since    Ver 1.1
     * @Date	 2014-10-20		下午5:57:10
     */
    public class Dynamic implements IDynamic{
    	/**
    
    	 */
    	public void methodWithCallBack(YKCallBack callback) {
    		Bean bean = new Bean();
    		bean.setName("PLUGIN_SDK_USER");
    		callback.callback(bean);
    	}
    	
    	public void showPluginWindow(Context context) {
    		 AlertDialog.Builder builder = new Builder(context);
    		  builder.setMessage("对话框");
    		  builder.setTitle(R.string.hello_world);
    		  builder.setNegativeButton("取消", new Dialog.OnClickListener() {
    			   @Override
    			   public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
    				   dialog.dismiss();
    			   }
    			  });
    		  Dialog dialog = builder.create();//.show();
    		  dialog.show();
    	}
    	
    	public void startPluginActivity(Context context,Class<?> cls){
    		/**
    		*这里要注意几点:
    		*1、如果单纯的写一个MainActivity的话,在主工程中也有一个MainActivity,开启的Activity还是主工程中的MainActivity
    		*2、如果这里将MainActivity写成全名的话,还是有问题,会报找不到这个Activity的错误
    		*/
    		Intent intent = new Intent(context,cls);
    		context.startActivity(intent);
    	}
    	
    	public String getStringForResId(Context context){
    		return context.getResources().getString(R.string.hello_world);
    	}
    
    }
    


    2) Bean.java

    /**
     * User.java
     * com.youku.pluginsdk.bean
     *
     * Function: TODO 
     *
     *   ver     date      		author
     * ──────────────────────────────────
     *   		 2014-10-20 		Administrator
     *
     * Copyright (c) 2014, TNT All Rights Reserved.
    */
    
    package com.pluginsdk.bean;
    
    
    /**
     * ClassName:User
     *
     * @author   jiangwei
     * @version  
     * @since    Ver 1.1
     * @Date	 2014-10-20		下午1:35:16
     */
    public class Bean implements com.pluginsdk.interfaces.IBean{
    
    	/**
    	 *
    	 */
    	private String name = "这是来自于插件工程中设置的初始化的名字";
    
    	public String getName() {
    		return name;
    	}
    
    	public void setName(String name) {
    		this.name = name;
    	}
    
    }
    

    3、宿主工程HostProject

    1) MainActivity.java

    package com.plugindemo;
    import java.io.File;
    import java.lang.reflect.Method;
    
    import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
    import android.app.Activity;
    import android.content.Context;
    import android.content.res.AssetManager;
    import android.content.res.Resources;
    import android.content.res.Resources.Theme;
    import android.os.Bundle;
    import android.os.Environment;
    import android.util.Log;
    import android.view.View;
    import android.widget.Button;
    import android.widget.ListView;
    import android.widget.Toast;
    
    import com.pluginsdk.interfaces.IBean;
    import com.pluginsdk.interfaces.IDynamic;
    import com.pluginsdk.interfaces.YKCallBack;
    import com.youku.plugindemo.R;
    
    import dalvik.system.DexClassLoader;
    
    public class MainActivity extends Activity {
        private AssetManager mAssetManager;//资源管理器
        private Resources mResources;//资源
        private Theme mTheme;//主题
        private String apkFileName = "PluginSDKs.apk";
        private String dexpath = null;//apk文件地址
        private File fileRelease = null; //释放目录
        private DexClassLoader classLoader = null;
    	@SuppressLint("NewApi")
    	@Override
    	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    		dexpath =  Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + File.separator+apkFileName;
    		fileRelease = getDir("dex", 0);
    		
    		/*初始化classloader
    		 * dexpath dex文件地址
    		 * fileRelease 文件释放地址 
    		 *  父classLoader
    		 */
    		
    		Log.d("DEMO", (getClassLoader()==ListView.class.getClassLoader())+"");
    		Log.d("DEMO",ListView.class.getClassLoader()+"");
    		Log.d("DEMO", Context.class.getClassLoader()+"");
    		Log.d("DEMO", Context.class.getClassLoader().getSystemClassLoader()+"");
    		Log.d("DEMO",Activity.class.getClassLoader()+"");
    		Log.d("DEMO", (Context.class.getClassLoader().getSystemClassLoader() == ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader())+"");
    		Log.d("DEMO",ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader()+"");
    		
    		classLoader = new DexClassLoader(dexpath, fileRelease.getAbsolutePath(),null,getClassLoader());
    		
    		Button btn_1 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_1);
    		Button btn_2 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_2);
    		Button btn_3 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_3);
    		Button btn_4 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_4);
    		Button btn_5 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_5);
    		Button btn_6 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_6);
    		
    		btn_1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {//普通调用  反射的方式
    			@Override
    			public void onClick(View arg0) {
    				Class mLoadClassBean;
    				try {
    					mLoadClassBean = classLoader.loadClass("com.pluginsdk.bean.Bean");
    					Object beanObject = mLoadClassBean.newInstance();
    					Log.d("DEMO", "ClassLoader:"+mLoadClassBean.getClassLoader());
    					Log.d("DEMO", "ClassLoader:"+mLoadClassBean.getClassLoader().getParent());
    					Method getNameMethod = mLoadClassBean.getMethod("getName");
    					getNameMethod.setAccessible(true);
    					String name = (String) getNameMethod.invoke(beanObject);
    					Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, name, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    				} catch (Exception e) {
    					Log.e("DEMO", "msg:"+e.getMessage());
    				} 
    			}
    		});
    		btn_2.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {//带参数调用
    			@Override
    			public void onClick(View arg0) {
    				Class mLoadClassBean;
    				try {
    					mLoadClassBean = classLoader.loadClass("com.pluginsdk.bean.Bean");
    					Object beanObject = mLoadClassBean.newInstance();
    					//接口形式调用
    					Log.d("DEMO", beanObject.getClass().getClassLoader()+"");
    					Log.d("DEMO",IBean.class.getClassLoader()+"");
    					Log.d("DEMO",ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader()+"");
    			        IBean bean = (IBean)beanObject;
    			        bean.setName("宿主程序设置的新名字");
    			        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, bean.getName(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    				}catch (Exception e) {
    					Log.e("DEMO", "msg:"+e.getMessage());
    				}
    	           
    			}
    		});
    		btn_3.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {//带回调函数的调用
    			@Override
    			public void onClick(View arg0) {
    				Class mLoadClassDynamic;
    				try {
    					mLoadClassDynamic = classLoader.loadClass("com.pluginsdk.imp.Dynamic");
    					 Object dynamicObject = mLoadClassDynamic.newInstance();
    					  //接口形式调用
    		            IDynamic dynamic = (IDynamic)dynamicObject;
    		            //回调函数调用
    		            YKCallBack callback = new YKCallBack() {//回调接口的定义
    		            	public void callback(IBean arg0) {
    		            		Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, arg0.getName(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    		            	};
    					};
    		            dynamic.methodWithCallBack(callback);
    				} catch (Exception e) {
    					Log.e("DEMO", "msg:"+e.getMessage());
    				}
    	           
    			}
    		});
    		btn_4.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {//带资源文件的调用
    			@Override
    			public void onClick(View arg0) {
    				loadResources();
    				Class mLoadClassDynamic;
    				try {
    					mLoadClassDynamic = classLoader.loadClass("com.pluginsdk.imp.Dynamic");
    					Object dynamicObject = mLoadClassDynamic.newInstance();
    					//接口形式调用
    		            IDynamic dynamic = (IDynamic)dynamicObject;
    		            dynamic.showPluginWindow(MainActivity.this);
    				} catch (Exception e) {
    					Log.e("DEMO", "msg:"+e.getMessage());
    				}
    			}
    		});
    		btn_5.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {//带资源文件的调用
    			@Override
    			public void onClick(View arg0) {
    				loadResources();
    				Class mLoadClassDynamic;
    				try {
    					mLoadClassDynamic = classLoader.loadClass("com.pluginsdk.imp.Dynamic");
    					Object dynamicObject = mLoadClassDynamic.newInstance();
    					//接口形式调用
    		            IDynamic dynamic = (IDynamic)dynamicObject;
    		            dynamic.startPluginActivity(MainActivity.this,
    		            		classLoader.loadClass("com.plugindemo.MainActivity"));
    				} catch (Exception e) {
    					Log.e("DEMO", "msg:"+e.getMessage());
    				}
    			}
    		});
    		btn_6.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {//带资源文件的调用
    			@Override
    			public void onClick(View arg0) {
    				loadResources();
    				Class mLoadClassDynamic;
    				try {
    					mLoadClassDynamic = classLoader.loadClass("com.pluginsdk.imp.Dynamic");
    					Object dynamicObject = mLoadClassDynamic.newInstance();
    					//接口形式调用
    		            IDynamic dynamic = (IDynamic)dynamicObject;
    		            String content = dynamic.getStringForResId(MainActivity.this);
    		            Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), content+"", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
    				} catch (Exception e) {
    					Log.e("DEMO", "msg:"+e.getMessage());
    				}
    			}
    		});
    		
    	}
    
    	 protected void loadResources() {
    	        try {
    	            AssetManager assetManager = AssetManager.class.newInstance();
    	            Method addAssetPath = assetManager.getClass().getMethod("addAssetPath", String.class);
    	            addAssetPath.invoke(assetManager, dexpath);
    	            mAssetManager = assetManager;
    	        } catch (Exception e) {
    	            e.printStackTrace();
    	        }
    	        Resources superRes = super.getResources();
    	        superRes.getDisplayMetrics();
    	        superRes.getConfiguration();
    	        mResources = new Resources(mAssetManager, superRes.getDisplayMetrics(),superRes.getConfiguration());
    	        mTheme = mResources.newTheme();
    	        mTheme.setTo(super.getTheme());
    	    }
    	
    	@Override
        public AssetManager getAssets() {
            return mAssetManager == null ? super.getAssets() : mAssetManager;
        }
    
        @Override
        public Resources getResources() {
            return mResources == null ? super.getResources() : mResources;
        }
    
        @Override
        public Theme getTheme() {
            return mTheme == null ? super.getTheme() : mTheme;
        }
    }
    
    三个工程的下载地址:http://download.csdn.net/detail/jiangwei0910410003/8188011

    第二、项目引用关系

    工程文件现在大致看完了,我们看一下他们的引用关系吧:

    1、将接口工程PluginImpl设置成一个Library



    2、插件工程PluginSDKs引用插件的jar

    注意是lib文件夹,不是libs,这个是有区别的,后面会说道



    3、HostProject项目引用PluginImpl这个library



    项目引用完成之后,我们编译PluginSDKs项目,生成PluginSDKs.apk放到手机的sdcard的根目录(因为我代码中是从这个目录进行加载apk的,当然这个目录是可以修改的),然后运行HostProject

    看到效果了吧。运行成功,其实这个对话框是在插件中定义的,但是我们知道定义对话框是需要context变量的,所以这个变量就是通过参数从宿主工程中传递到插件工程即可,成功了就不能这么了事,因为我还没有说道我遇到的问题,下面就来看一下遇到的几个问题


    三、问题分析

    问题一:Could not find class...(找不到指定的类)


    这个问题产生的操作:

    插件工程PluginSDKs的引用方式不变,宿主工程PluginDemos的引用方式改变


    在说这个原因之前先来了解一下Eclipse中引用工程的不同方式和区别:

    第一种:最常用的将引用工程打成jar放到需要引用工程的libs下面(这里是将PluginImpl打成jar,放到HostProject工程的libs中)

    这种方式是Eclipse推荐使用的,当我们在建立一个项目的时候也会自动产生这个文件夹,当我们将我们需要引用的工程打成jar,然后放到这个文件夹之后,Eclipse就自动导入了(这个功能是Eclipse3.7之后有的)。

    第二种:和第一种的区别是,我们可以从新新建一个文件夹比如是lib,然后将引用的jar放到这个文件夹中,但是此时Eclipse是不会自动导入的,需要我们手动的导入(add build path...),但是这个是一个区别,还有一个区别,也是到这个这个报错原因的区别,就是libs文件夹中的jar,在运行的时候是会将这个jar集成到程序中的,而我们新建的文件夹(名字非libs即可),及时我们手动的导入,编译是没有问题的,但是运行的时候,是不会将jar集成到程序中。

    第三种:和前两种的区别是不需要将引用工程打成jar,直接引用这个工程


    这种方式其实效果和第一种差不多,唯一的区别就是不需要打成jar,但是运行的时候是不会将引用工程集成到程序中的。

    第四种:和第三种的方式是一样的,也是不需要将引用工程打成jar,直接引用工程:


    这个前提是需要设置PluginImpl项目为Library,同时引用的项目和被引用的项目必须在一个工作空间中,不然会报错,这种的效果和第二种是一样的,在运行的时候是会将引用工程集成到程序中的。

    第五种:和第一种、第二种差不多,导入jar:


    这里有很多种方式选择jar的位置,但是这些操作的效果和第一种是一样的,运行的时候是不会将引用的jar集成到程序中的。


    总结上面的五种方式,我们可以看到,第二种和第四种的效果是一样的,也是最普遍的导入引用工程的方式,因为其他三种方式的话,其实在编译的时候是不会有问题的,但是在运行的时候会报错(找不到指定的类,可以依次尝试一下),不过这三种方式只要一步就可以和那两种方式实现的效果一样了


    只要设置导出的时候勾选上这个jar就可以了。那么其实这五种方式都是可以的,性质和效果是一样的。


    说完了Eclipse中引用工程的各种方式以及区别之后,我们在回过头来看一下,上面遇到的问题:Could not find class...

    其实这个问题就简单了,原因是:插件工程PluginSDKs使用的是lib文件夹导入的jar(这个jar是不会集成到程序中的),而宿主工程PluginDemos的引用工程的方式也变成了lib文件夹(jar也是不会集成到程序中的)。那么程序运行的时候就会出现错误:

    Could not find class 'com.pluginsdk.interfaces.IBean' 


    问题二:Class ref in pre-verified class resolved to unexpected implementation(相同的类加载了两次)


    这个问题产生的操作:

    插件工程PluginSDKs和宿主工程PluginDemos引用工程的方式都变成library(或者是都用libs文件夹导入jar)


    这个错误的原因也是很多做插件的开发者第一次都会遇到的问题,其实这个问题的本质是PluginImpl中的接口被加载了两次,因为插件工程和宿主工程在运行的时候都会把PluginImpl集成到程序中。对于这个问题,我们来分析一下,首先对于宿主apk,他的类加载器是PathClassLoader(这个对于每个应用来说是默认的加载器,原因很简单,PathClassLoader只能加载/data/app目录下的apk,就是已经安装的apk,一般我们的apk都是安装之后在运行,所以用这个加载器也是理所当然的)。这个加载器开始加载插件接口工程(宿主工程中引入的PluginImpl)中的IBean。当使用DexClassLoader加载PluginSDKs.apk的时候,首先会让宿主apk的PathClassLoader加载器去加载,这个好多人有点迷糊了,为什么会先让PathClassLoader加载器去加载呢?

    这个就是Java中的类加载机制的双亲委派机制:http://blog.csdn.net/jiangwei0910410003/article/details/17733153

    Android中的加载机制也是类似的,我们这里的代码设置了DexClassLoader的父加载器为当前类加载器(宿主apk的PathClassLoader),不行的话,可以打印一下getClassLoader()方法的返回结果看一下。

    classLoader = new DexClassLoader(dexpath, fileRelease.getAbsolutePath(),null,getClassLoader());
    那么加载器就是一样的了(宿主apk的PathClassLoader),那么就奇怪了,都是一个为什么还有错误呢?查看系统源码可以了解:

    Resolve.c源码(这个是在虚拟机dalvik中的):源码下载地址为:http://blog.csdn.net/jiangwei0910410003/article/details/37988637
    我们来看一下他的一个主要函数:

    /*
     * Find the class corresponding to "classIdx", which maps to a class name
     * string.  It might be in the same DEX file as "referrer", in a different
     * DEX file, generated by a class loader, or generated by the VM (e.g.
     * array classes).
     *
     * Because the DexTypeId is associated with the referring class' DEX file,
     * we may have to resolve the same class more than once if it's referred
     * to from classes in multiple DEX files.  This is a necessary property for
     * DEX files associated with different class loaders.
     *
     * We cache a copy of the lookup in the DexFile's "resolved class" table,
     * so future references to "classIdx" are faster.
     *
     * Note that "referrer" may be in the process of being linked.
     *
     * Traditional VMs might do access checks here, but in Dalvik the class
     * "constant pool" is shared between all classes in the DEX file.  We rely
     * on the verifier to do the checks for us.
     *
     * Does not initialize the class.
     *
     * "fromUnverifiedConstant" should only be set if this call is the direct
     * result of executing a "const-class" or "instance-of" instruction, which
     * use class constants not resolved by the bytecode verifier.
     *
     * Returns NULL with an exception raised on failure.
     */
    ClassObject* dvmResolveClass(const ClassObject* referrer, u4 classIdx,
        bool fromUnverifiedConstant)
    {
        DvmDex* pDvmDex = referrer->pDvmDex;
        ClassObject* resClass;
        const char* className;
    
        /*
         * Check the table first -- this gets called from the other "resolve"
         * methods.
         */
        resClass = dvmDexGetResolvedClass(pDvmDex, classIdx);
        if (resClass != NULL)
            return resClass;
    
        LOGVV("--- resolving class %u (referrer=%s cl=%p)\n",
            classIdx, referrer->descriptor, referrer->classLoader);
    
        /*
         * Class hasn't been loaded yet, or is in the process of being loaded
         * and initialized now.  Try to get a copy.  If we find one, put the
         * pointer in the DexTypeId.  There isn't a race condition here --
         * 32-bit writes are guaranteed atomic on all target platforms.  Worst
         * case we have two threads storing the same value.
         *
         * If this is an array class, we'll generate it here.
         */
        className = dexStringByTypeIdx(pDvmDex->pDexFile, classIdx);
        if (className[0] != '\0' && className[1] == '\0') {
            /* primitive type */
            resClass = dvmFindPrimitiveClass(className[0]);
        } else {
            resClass = dvmFindClassNoInit(className, referrer->classLoader);
        }
    
        if (resClass != NULL) {
            /*
             * If the referrer was pre-verified, the resolved class must come
             * from the same DEX or from a bootstrap class.  The pre-verifier
             * makes assumptions that could be invalidated by a wacky class
             * loader.  (See the notes at the top of oo/Class.c.)
             *
             * The verifier does *not* fail a class for using a const-class
             * or instance-of instruction referring to an unresolveable class,
             * because the result of the instruction is simply a Class object
             * or boolean -- there's no need to resolve the class object during
             * verification.  Instance field and virtual method accesses can
             * break dangerously if we get the wrong class, but const-class and
             * instance-of are only interesting at execution time.  So, if we
             * we got here as part of executing one of the "unverified class"
             * instructions, we skip the additional check.
             *
             * Ditto for class references from annotations and exception
             * handler lists.
             */
            if (!fromUnverifiedConstant &&
                IS_CLASS_FLAG_SET(referrer, CLASS_ISPREVERIFIED))
            {
                ClassObject* resClassCheck = resClass;
                if (dvmIsArrayClass(resClassCheck))
                    resClassCheck = resClassCheck->elementClass;
    
                if (referrer->pDvmDex != resClassCheck->pDvmDex &&
                    resClassCheck->classLoader != NULL)
                {
                    LOGW("Class resolved by unexpected DEX:"
                         " %s(%p):%p ref [%s] %s(%p):%p\n",
                        referrer->descriptor, referrer->classLoader,
                        referrer->pDvmDex,
                        resClass->descriptor, resClassCheck->descriptor,
                        resClassCheck->classLoader, resClassCheck->pDvmDex);
                    LOGW("(%s had used a different %s during pre-verification)\n",
                        referrer->descriptor, resClass->descriptor);
                    dvmThrowException("Ljava/lang/IllegalAccessError;",
                        "Class ref in pre-verified class resolved to unexpected "
                        "implementation");
                    return NULL;
                }
            }
    
            LOGVV("##### +ResolveClass(%s): referrer=%s dex=%p ldr=%p ref=%d\n",
                resClass->descriptor, referrer->descriptor, referrer->pDvmDex,
                referrer->classLoader, classIdx);
    
            /*
             * Add what we found to the list so we can skip the class search
             * next time through.
             *
             * TODO: should we be doing this when fromUnverifiedConstant==true?
             * (see comments at top of oo/Class.c)
             */
            dvmDexSetResolvedClass(pDvmDex, classIdx, resClass);
        } else {
            /* not found, exception should be raised */
            LOGVV("Class not found: %s\n",
                dexStringByTypeIdx(pDvmDex->pDexFile, classIdx));
            assert(dvmCheckException(dvmThreadSelf()));
        }
    
        return resClass;
    }
    我们看下面的判断可以得到,就是在这里抛出的异常,代码逻辑我们就不看了,因为太多的头文件相互引用,看起来很费劲,直接看一下函数的说明:


    红色部分内容,他的意思是我们需要解决从不同的dex文件中加载相同的class,需要使用不同的类加载器。

    说白了就是,同一个类加载器从不同的dex文件中加载相同的class。所以上面是同一个类加载器PathClassLoader去加载(宿主apk和插件apk)来自不同的dex中的相同的类IBean。所以我们在做动态加载的时候都说过:不要把接口的jar一起打包成jar/dex/apk


    问题三:Connot be cast to....(类型转化异常)


    这个问题产生的操作:

    插件工程PluginSDKs和宿主工程都是用Library方式引用工程(或者是libs),同时将上面的一行代码

    classLoader = new DexClassLoader(dexpath, fileRelease.getAbsolutePath(),null,getClassLoader());

    修改成:

    classLoader = new DexClassLoader(dexpath, fileRelease.getAbsolutePath(),null,ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader());
    就是将DexClassLoader的父加载器修改了一下:我们知道getClassLoader()获取到的是应用的默认加载器PathClassLoader,而ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader()是获取系统类加载器,这样修改之后会出现这样的错误的原因是:插件工程和宿主工程都集成了PluginImpl,所以DexClassLoader在加载Bean的时候,首先会让ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader()类加载器(DexClassLoader的父加载器)去查找,因为Bean是实现了IBean接口,这时候ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader就会从插件工程的apk中查找这个接口,结果没找到,没找到的话就让DexClassLoader去找,结果在PluginSDKs.apk中找到了,就加载进来,同时宿主工程中也集成了插件接口PluginImpl,他使用PathClassLoader去宿主工程中去查找,结果也是查找到了,也加载进来了,但是在进行类型转化的时候出现了错误:

    IBean bean = (IBean)beanObject;
    原因说白了就是:同一个类,用不同的类加载器进行加载产生出来的对象是不同的,不能进行相互赋值,负责就会出现转化异常。


    总结

    上面就说到了一些开发插件的过程中会遇到的一些问题,当我们知道这些问题之后,解决方法自然就会有了,

    1) 为了避免Could not find class...,我们必须要集成PluginImpl,方式是使用Library或者是libs文件夹导入jar

    (这里要注意,因为我们运行的其实是宿主工程apk,所以宿主工程一定要集成PluginImpl,如果他不集成的话,即使插件工程apk集成了也还是没有效果的)

    2) 为了避免Class ref in pre-verified class resolved to unexpected implementation,我们在宿主工程和插件工程中只能集成一份PluginImpl,在结合上面的错误避免方式,可以得到正确的方式:

    一定是宿主工程集成PluginImpl,插件工程一定不能集成PluginImpl。

    (以后再制作插件的时候记住一句话就可以了,插件工程打包不能集成接口jar,宿主工程打包一定要集成接口jar)

    关于第三个问题,其实在开发的过程中一般不会碰到,这里说一下主要是为了马上介绍Android中的类加载器的相关只是来做铺垫的


    (PS:问题都解决了,后续就要介绍插件的制作了~~)



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