最近有很多朋友邮件或者留言询问本博客服务端配置相关问题,基本都是关于 HTTPS 和 HTTP/2 的,其实我的 Nginx 配置在之前的文章中多次提到过,不过都比较分散。为了方便大家参考,本文贴出完整配置。
本文内容会随时调整或更新,请大家不要把本文内容全文转载到第三方平台,以免给他人造成困扰或误导。另外限于篇幅,本文不会对配置做过多说明,如有疑问或不同意见,欢迎留言指出。
我的 VPS 系统是 Ubuntu 14.04.3 LTS,如果你使用的是其它发行版,与包管理有关的命令请自行调整。
本博客是我的试验田,Nginx 自然要用最新的 1.9.12。为了启用 Certificate Transparency,我使用了 nginx-ct 这个模块。同时,我还使用了 CloudFlare Patch 过的 OpenSSL 1.0.2g 做为 Nginx 的 SSL 库。下面是完整安装过程:
首先安装 Nginx 依赖库:
sudo apt-get install build-essential libpcre3 libpcre3-dev zlib1g-de
然后获取 OpenSSL 源码和 Patch、最新的 Nginx 以及 nginx-ct 源码,开始编译:
git clone https://github.com/cloudflare/sslconfig
wget -O openssl.zip -c https://github.com/openssl/openssl/archive/OpenSSL_1_0_2g.zip
unzip openssl.zip
mv openssl-OpenSSL_1_0_2g/ openssl
cd openssl && patch -p1 < ../sslconfig/patches/openssl__chacha20_poly1305_draft_and_rfc_ossl102g.patch
cd ../
wget -c http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.9.12.tar.gz
tar zxf nginx-1.9.12.tar.gz
wget -O nginx-ct.zip -c https://github.com/grahamedgecombe/nginx-ct/archive/v1.0.0.zip
unzip nginx-ct.zip
cd nginx-1.9.12/
./configure --add-module=../nginx-ct-1.0.0 --with-openssl=../openssl --with-http_v2_module --with-http_ssl_module
make
sudo make install
Nginx 默认装在 /usr/local/nginx/
目录,如果需要更改路径可以在 configure 时指定。
为了方便管理 Nginx 服务,再创建一个管理脚本:
sudo vim /etc/init.d/nginx
输入以下内容:
#! /bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: nginx
# Required-Start: $all
# Required-Stop: $all
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: starts the nginx web server
# Description: starts nginx using start-stop-daemon
### END INIT INFO
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
DAEMON=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
NAME=nginx
DESC=nginx
test -x $DAEMON || exit 0
# Include nginx defaults if available
if [ -f /etc/default/nginx ] ; then
. /etc/default/nginx
fi
set -e
. /lib/lsb/init-functions
case "$1" in
start)
echo -n "Starting $DESC: "
start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile /usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid \
--exec $DAEMON -- $DAEMON_OPTS || true
echo "$NAME."
;;
stop)
echo -n "Stopping $DESC: "
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --pidfile /usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid \
--exec $DAEMON || true
echo "$NAME."
;;
restart|force-reload)
echo -n "Restarting $DESC: "
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --pidfile \
/usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid --exec $DAEMON || true
sleep 1
start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile \
/usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid --exec $DAEMON -- $DAEMON_OPTS || true
echo "$NAME."
;;
reload)
echo -n "Reloading $DESC configuration: "
start-stop-daemon --stop --signal HUP --quiet --pidfile /usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid \
--exec $DAEMON || true
echo "$NAME."
;;
status)
status_of_proc -p /usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid "$DAEMON" nginx && exit 0 || exit $?
;;
*)
N=/etc/init.d/$NAME
echo "Usage: $N {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status}" >&2
exit 1
;;
esac
exit 0
增加执行权限:
sudo chmod a+x /etc/init.d/nginx
现在管理 Nginx 只需使用以下命令即可:
sudo service nginx start|stop|restart|reload
如果要开机自动启动 Nginx,请执行以下命令:
sudo update-rc.d -f nginx defaults
到此为止,Nginx 已经安装完毕。再来修改一下它的全局配置,打开 /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
,新增或修改以下内容:
http {
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
#... ...#
gzip on;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_comp_level 6;
gzip_buffers 16 8k;
gzip_min_length 1000;
gzip_proxied any;
gzip_disable "msie6";
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript application/javascript image/svg+xml;
#... ...#
include /home/jerry/www/nginx_conf/*.conf;
}
最后的 include
用来加载我个人目录下的配置文件,这样今后创建和修改站点配置就不需要再使用 sudo 权限了。
要想在浏览器中启用 HTTP/2 就必须部署 HTTPS,要部署 HTTPS 就必须有合法的证书。本博客目前在用 RapidSSL 的单域名证书,在 NameCheap 买的。另外,我还申请了 Let's Encrypt 的免费证书备用。一般情况下,个人使用 Let's Encrypt 的免费证书就足够了,还可以节省一笔开销。
要申请 Let's Encrypt 证书,推荐使用 Neilpang/le 这个小巧无依赖的命令行工具,或者参考我的这篇文章:Let's Encrypt,免费好用的 HTTPS 证书。
以下是本博客站点完整配置:
server {
server_name www.imququ.com imququ.com;
server_tokens off;
listen 443 ssl http2 fastopen=3 reuseport;
keepalive_timeout 75s;
include /home/jerry/www/nginx_conf/ip.blacklist;
ssl_ct on;
ssl_ct_static_scts /home/jerry/www/scts;
ssl_certificate /home/jerry/www/ssl/chained.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /home/jerry/www/ssl/domain.key;
ssl_dhparam /home/jerry/www/ssl/dhparams.pem;
ssl_ciphers EECDH+CHACHA20:EECDH+CHACHA20-draft:EECDH+AES128:RSA+AES128:EECDH+AES256:RSA+AES256:EECDH+3DES:RSA+3DES:!MD5;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:50m;
ssl_session_timeout 1d;
ssl_session_tickets on;
ssl_session_ticket_key /home/jerry/www/ssl/session_ticket.key;
ssl_stapling on;
ssl_stapling_verify on;
ssl_trusted_certificate /home/jerry/www/ssl/full_chained.pem;
resolver 114.114.114.114 valid=300s;
resolver_timeout 10s;
access_log /home/jerry/www/nginx_log/imququ_com.log;
if ($request_method !~ ^(GET|HEAD|POST|OPTIONS)$ ) {
return 444;
}
if ($host != 'imququ.com' ) {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ https://imququ.com/$1 permanent;
}
location ~* (robots\.txt|favicon\.ico|crossdomain\.xml|google4c90d18e696bdcf8\.html|BingSiteAuth\.xml)$ {
root /home/jerry/www/imququ.com/www/static;
expires max;
}
location ~ ^/static/uploads/ {
root /home/jerry/www/imququ.com/www;
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *;
set $expires_time max;
valid_referers blocked none server_names *.qgy18.com *.inoreader.com feedly.com *.feedly.com www.udpwork.com theoldreader.com digg.com *.feiworks.com *.newszeit.com r.mail.qq.com yuedu.163.com;
if ($invalid_referer) {
set $expires_time -1;
rewrite ^/ https://example.com/static/img/blog/403.gif redirect;
}
expires $expires_time;
}
location ~ ^/static/ {
root /home/jerry/www/imququ.com/www;
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *;
expires max;
}
location ~ ^/admin {
proxy_http_version 1.1;
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload";
add_header X-Frame-Options deny;
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
proxy_set_header X-Via QingDao.Aliyun;
proxy_set_header Connection "";
proxy_set_header Host imququ.com;
proxy_set_header X-Real_IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:9095;
}
location / {
proxy_http_version 1.1;
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload";
add_header X-Frame-Options deny;
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
add_header Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'none'; script-src 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval' blob: https:; img-src data: https: http://ip.qgy18.com:81; style-src 'unsafe-inline' https:; child-src https:; connect-src 'self' https://translate.googleapis.com; frame-src https://disqus.com https://www.slideshare.net";
add_header Public-Key-Pins 'pin-sha256="aef6IF2UF6jNEwA2pNmP7kpgT6NFSdt7Tqf5HzaIGWI="; pin-sha256="YLh1dUR9y6Kja30RrAn7JKnbQG/uEtLMkBgFF2Fuihg="; max-age=2592000; includeSubDomains';
add_header Cache-Control no-cache;
proxy_ignore_headers Set-Cookie;
proxy_hide_header Vary;
proxy_hide_header X-Powered-By;
proxy_set_header X-Via QingDao.Aliyun;
proxy_set_header Connection "";
proxy_set_header Host imququ.com;
proxy_set_header X-Real_IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:9095;
}
}
server {
server_name www.imququ.com imququ.com;
server_tokens off;
access_log /dev/null;
if ($request_method !~ ^(GET|HEAD|POST)$ ) {
return 444;
}
location ^~ /.well-known/acme-challenge/ {
alias /home/jerry/www/challenges/;
try_files $uri =404;
}
location / {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ https://imququ.com/$1 permanent;
}
}
以上配置中的一些关键点分散在我之前的这些文章中:
一切妥当后,推荐使用以下两个在线服务来检测站点 HTTPS 配置:
1)Qualys SSL Labs's SSL Server Test
测试地址:https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/index.html,以下是本博客测试结果截图:
2)HTTP Security Report
测试地址:https://httpsecurityreport.com/,以下是本博客测试结果截图:
本文链接:https://imququ.com/post/my-nginx-conf.html,参与讨论
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