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    本博客 Nginx 配置之完整篇

    JerryQu 的小站发表于 2016-03-21 23:35:32
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    最近有很多朋友邮件或者留言询问本博客服务端配置相关问题,基本都是关于 HTTPS 和 HTTP/2 的,其实我的 Nginx 配置在之前的文章中多次提到过,不过都比较分散。为了方便大家参考,本文贴出完整配置。

    本文内容会随时调整或更新,请大家不要把本文内容全文转载到第三方平台,以免给他人造成困扰或误导。另外限于篇幅,本文不会对配置做过多说明,如有疑问或不同意见,欢迎留言指出。

    准备工作

    我的 VPS 系统是 Ubuntu 14.04.3 LTS,如果你使用的是其它发行版,与包管理有关的命令请自行调整。

    本博客是我的试验田,Nginx 自然要用最新的 1.9.12。为了启用 Certificate Transparency,我使用了 nginx-ct 这个模块。同时,我还使用了 CloudFlare Patch 过的 OpenSSL 1.0.2g 做为 Nginx 的 SSL 库。下面是完整安装过程:

    首先安装 Nginx 依赖库:

    sudo apt-get install build-essential libpcre3 libpcre3-dev zlib1g-de
    

    然后获取 OpenSSL 源码和 Patch、最新的 Nginx 以及 nginx-ct 源码,开始编译:

    git clone https://github.com/cloudflare/sslconfig
    wget -O openssl.zip -c https://github.com/openssl/openssl/archive/OpenSSL_1_0_2g.zip
    unzip openssl.zip
    mv openssl-OpenSSL_1_0_2g/ openssl
    cd openssl && patch -p1 < ../sslconfig/patches/openssl__chacha20_poly1305_draft_and_rfc_ossl102g.patch 
    
    cd ../
    
    wget -c http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.9.12.tar.gz
    tar zxf nginx-1.9.12.tar.gz
    
    wget -O nginx-ct.zip -c https://github.com/grahamedgecombe/nginx-ct/archive/v1.0.0.zip
    unzip nginx-ct.zip
    
    cd nginx-1.9.12/
    
    ./configure --add-module=../nginx-ct-1.0.0 --with-openssl=../openssl --with-http_v2_module --with-http_ssl_module
    make
    sudo make install
    

    Nginx 默认装在 /usr/local/nginx/ 目录,如果需要更改路径可以在 configure 时指定。

    为了方便管理 Nginx 服务,再创建一个管理脚本:

    sudo vim /etc/init.d/nginx
    

    输入以下内容:

    #! /bin/sh
    
    ### BEGIN INIT INFO
    # Provides:          nginx
    # Required-Start:    $all
    # Required-Stop:     $all
    # Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
    # Default-Stop:      0 1 6
    # Short-Description: starts the nginx web server
    # Description:       starts nginx using start-stop-daemon
    ### END INIT INFO
    
    PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
    DAEMON=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
    NAME=nginx
    DESC=nginx
    
    test -x $DAEMON || exit 0
    
    # Include nginx defaults if available
    if [ -f /etc/default/nginx ] ; then
        . /etc/default/nginx
    fi
    
    set -e
    
    . /lib/lsb/init-functions
    
    case "$1" in
      start)
        echo -n "Starting $DESC: "
        start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile /usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid \
            --exec $DAEMON -- $DAEMON_OPTS || true
        echo "$NAME."
        ;;
      stop)
        echo -n "Stopping $DESC: "
        start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --pidfile /usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid \
            --exec $DAEMON || true
        echo "$NAME."
        ;;
      restart|force-reload)
        echo -n "Restarting $DESC: "
        start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --pidfile \
            /usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid --exec $DAEMON || true
        sleep 1
        start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile \
            /usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid --exec $DAEMON -- $DAEMON_OPTS || true
        echo "$NAME."
        ;;
      reload)
          echo -n "Reloading $DESC configuration: "
          start-stop-daemon --stop --signal HUP --quiet --pidfile /usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid \
              --exec $DAEMON || true
          echo "$NAME."
          ;;
      status)
          status_of_proc -p /usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid "$DAEMON" nginx && exit 0 || exit $?
          ;;
      *)
        N=/etc/init.d/$NAME
        echo "Usage: $N {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status}" >&2
        exit 1
        ;;
    esac
    
    exit 0
    

    增加执行权限:

    sudo chmod a+x /etc/init.d/nginx
    

    现在管理 Nginx 只需使用以下命令即可:

    sudo service nginx start|stop|restart|reload
    

    如果要开机自动启动 Nginx,请执行以下命令:

    sudo update-rc.d -f nginx defaults
    

    到此为止,Nginx 已经安装完毕。再来修改一下它的全局配置,打开 /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf,新增或修改以下内容:

    http {
        sendfile           on;
        tcp_nopush         on;
        tcp_nodelay        on;
    
        keepalive_timeout  60;
    
        #... ...#
    
        gzip               on;
        gzip_vary          on;
    
        gzip_comp_level    6;
        gzip_buffers       16 8k;
    
        gzip_min_length    1000;
        gzip_proxied       any;
        gzip_disable       "msie6";
    
        gzip_http_version  1.0;
    
        gzip_types         text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript application/javascript image/svg+xml;
    
        #... ...#
    
        include /home/jerry/www/nginx_conf/*.conf;
    }
    

    最后的 include 用来加载我个人目录下的配置文件,这样今后创建和修改站点配置就不需要再使用 sudo 权限了。

    要想在浏览器中启用 HTTP/2 就必须部署 HTTPS,要部署 HTTPS 就必须有合法的证书。本博客目前在用 RapidSSL 的单域名证书,在 NameCheap 买的。另外,我还申请了 Let's Encrypt 的免费证书备用。一般情况下,个人使用 Let's Encrypt 的免费证书就足够了,还可以节省一笔开销。

    要申请 Let's Encrypt 证书,推荐使用 Neilpang/le 这个小巧无依赖的命令行工具,或者参考我的这篇文章:Let's Encrypt,免费好用的 HTTPS 证书。

    站点配置

    以下是本博客站点完整配置:

    server {
        server_name          www.imququ.com imququ.com;
        server_tokens        off;
    
        listen               443 ssl http2 fastopen=3 reuseport;
    
        keepalive_timeout    75s;
    
        include              /home/jerry/www/nginx_conf/ip.blacklist;
    
        ssl_ct               on;
        ssl_ct_static_scts   /home/jerry/www/scts;
    
        ssl_certificate      /home/jerry/www/ssl/chained.pem;
        ssl_certificate_key  /home/jerry/www/ssl/domain.key;
    
        ssl_dhparam          /home/jerry/www/ssl/dhparams.pem;
    
        ssl_ciphers                EECDH+CHACHA20:EECDH+CHACHA20-draft:EECDH+AES128:RSA+AES128:EECDH+AES256:RSA+AES256:EECDH+3DES:RSA+3DES:!MD5;
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;
    
        ssl_protocols              TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
    
        ssl_session_cache          shared:SSL:50m;
        ssl_session_timeout        1d;
    
        ssl_session_tickets        on;
        ssl_session_ticket_key     /home/jerry/www/ssl/session_ticket.key;
    
        ssl_stapling               on;
        ssl_stapling_verify        on;
        ssl_trusted_certificate    /home/jerry/www/ssl/full_chained.pem;
    
        resolver                   114.114.114.114 valid=300s;
        resolver_timeout           10s;
    
        access_log                 /home/jerry/www/nginx_log/imququ_com.log;
    
        if ($request_method !~ ^(GET|HEAD|POST|OPTIONS)$ ) {
            return    444;
        }
    
        if ($host != 'imququ.com' ) {
            rewrite   ^/(.*)$  https://imququ.com/$1 permanent;
        }
    
        location ~* (robots\.txt|favicon\.ico|crossdomain\.xml|google4c90d18e696bdcf8\.html|BingSiteAuth\.xml)$ {
            root          /home/jerry/www/imququ.com/www/static;
            expires       max;
        }
    
        location ~ ^/static/uploads/ {
            root          /home/jerry/www/imququ.com/www;
            add_header    Access-Control-Allow-Origin *;
    
            set           $expires_time max;
    
            valid_referers blocked none server_names *.qgy18.com *.inoreader.com feedly.com *.feedly.com www.udpwork.com theoldreader.com digg.com *.feiworks.com *.newszeit.com r.mail.qq.com yuedu.163.com;
            if ($invalid_referer) {
                set       $expires_time -1;
                rewrite   ^/ https://example.com/static/img/blog/403.gif redirect;
            }
    
            expires       $expires_time;
        }
    
        location ~ ^/static/ {
            root          /home/jerry/www/imququ.com/www;
            add_header    Access-Control-Allow-Origin *;      
            expires       max;
        }
    
        location ~ ^/admin {
            proxy_http_version       1.1;
    
            add_header               Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload";
            add_header               X-Frame-Options deny;
            add_header               X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
    
            proxy_set_header         X-Via            QingDao.Aliyun;
            proxy_set_header         Connection       "";
            proxy_set_header         Host             imququ.com;
            proxy_set_header         X-Real_IP        $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header         X-Forwarded-For  $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    
            proxy_pass               http://127.0.0.1:9095;
        }
    
        location / {
            proxy_http_version       1.1;
    
            add_header               Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload";
            add_header               X-Frame-Options deny;
            add_header               X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
            add_header               Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'none'; script-src 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval' blob: https:; img-src data: https: http://ip.qgy18.com:81; style-src 'unsafe-inline' https:; child-src https:; connect-src 'self' https://translate.googleapis.com; frame-src https://disqus.com https://www.slideshare.net";
            add_header               Public-Key-Pins 'pin-sha256="aef6IF2UF6jNEwA2pNmP7kpgT6NFSdt7Tqf5HzaIGWI="; pin-sha256="YLh1dUR9y6Kja30RrAn7JKnbQG/uEtLMkBgFF2Fuihg="; max-age=2592000; includeSubDomains';
            add_header               Cache-Control no-cache;
    
            proxy_ignore_headers     Set-Cookie;
    
            proxy_hide_header        Vary;
            proxy_hide_header        X-Powered-By;
    
            proxy_set_header         X-Via            QingDao.Aliyun;
            proxy_set_header         Connection       "";
            proxy_set_header         Host             imququ.com;
            proxy_set_header         X-Real_IP        $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header         X-Forwarded-For  $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    
            proxy_pass               http://127.0.0.1:9095;
        }
    }
    
    server {
        server_name    www.imququ.com imququ.com;
        server_tokens  off;
    
        access_log     /dev/null;
    
        if ($request_method !~ ^(GET|HEAD|POST)$ ) {
            return  444;
        }
    
        location ^~ /.well-known/acme-challenge/ {
            alias /home/jerry/www/challenges/;
            try_files $uri =404;
        }
    
        location / {
            rewrite ^/(.*)$ https://imququ.com/$1 permanent;
        }
    }
    

    以上配置中的一些关键点分散在我之前的这些文章中:

    • 本博客 Nginx 配置之性能篇;
    • 本博客 Nginx 配置之安全篇;
    • TLS 握手优化详解;
    • 关于启用 HTTPS 的一些经验分享(一);
    • 关于启用 HTTPS 的一些经验分享(二);
    • Certificate Transparency 那些事;
    • HTTP Public Key Pinning 介绍;
    • 从无法开启 OCSP Stapling 说起;

    一切妥当后,推荐使用以下两个在线服务来检测站点 HTTPS 配置:

    1)Qualys SSL Labs's SSL Server Test

    测试地址:https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/index.html,以下是本博客测试结果截图:

    ssllabs test of imququ.com查看完整测试结果 »

    2)HTTP Security Report

    测试地址:https://httpsecurityreport.com/,以下是本博客测试结果截图:

    http security report of imququ.com查看完整测试结果 »

    本文链接:https://imququ.com/post/my-nginx-conf.html,参与讨论

    ♥ 本站所有文章均为本人原创,如果你认为我的文章对你有帮助,欢迎捐赠本站。详情请点这里 »



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