IT博客汇 | 自定义View——雷达图(蜘蛛网图)

自定义View——雷达图(蜘蛛网图)

summer发表于 2016-06-30 15:13:09

效果图:

如果不熟悉View的绘制流程，请先查看我之前的文章
Android坐标系与View绘制流程

一、获取View宽高以及cos、sin

在onSizeChanged函数中，可以获取当前View的宽高以及根据padding值计算出的实际绘制区域的宽高，同时进行出雷达图得半径设置并通过PathMeasure类的
getPosTan 方法获得此任意正多边形各角坐标的余弦值、正弦值。

因为在之前的文章中并没有介绍getPosTan方法，这里对其进行一个简单的介绍。

boolean getPosTan (float distance, float[] pos, float[] tan)

distance为距离当前path起点的距离，取值范围为0到path的长度。
pos 如果不为null，则返回path当前距离的位置坐标，pos[0] = x,pos[1] = y 。
tan 如果不为null，则返回当前位置坐标的切线，tan[0] = x, tan[1] = y 。
返回值为boolean，true表示成功，数据会存入pas、tan，反之则为失败，数据也不会存入pas、tan。

@Override
protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) {
mViewWidth = w;
mViewHeight = h;
mWidth = mViewWidth - getPaddingLeft() - getPaddingRight();
mHeight = mViewHeight - getPaddingTop() - getPaddingBottom();
radius = Math.min(mWidth,mHeight)*0.35f;
...
//增加圆形路径，起点从90度开始，顺时针旋转
mPath.addCircle(0,0,mRadarAxisData.getAxisLength(), Path.Direction.CW);
//为PathMeasure设置路径
measure.setPath(mPath,true);

float[] cosArray = new float[mRadarAxisData.getTypes().length];
float[] sinArray = new float[mRadarAxisData.getTypes().length];
for (int i=0; i<mRadarAxisData.getTypes().length; i++){
//获取Path距离起点当前距离的坐标，以及切线
measure.getPosTan((float) (Math.PI*2*mRadarAxisData.getAxisLength()*i/
mRadarAxisData.getTypes().length),pos,tan);
//装填cos、sin
cosArray[i] = tan[0];
sinArray[i] = tan[1];
}
mPath.reset();
...
}

二、绘制坐标网络

雷达图的坐标网络(即正多边形)的绘制将在onDraw函数中进行。* 首先通过画布缩放的方式绘制一圈圈的网格。

for (int i=0; i<number; i++){
canvas.save();
//缩放画布
canvas.scale(1-i/number,1-i/number);
移动至第一点
mPathRing.moveTo(0,radarAxisData.getAxisLength());
//连接个点
if (radarAxisData.getTypes()!=null)
for (int j=0; j<radarAxisData.getTypes().length; j++){
mPathRing.lineTo(radarAxisData.getAxisLength()*radarAxisData.getCosArray()[j],
radarAxisData.getAxisLength()*radarAxisData.getSinArray()[j]);
}
//闭合路径
mPathRing.close();
//绘制路径
canvas.drawPath(mPathRing,mPaintLine);
mPathRing.reset();
canvas.restore();
}

然后是绘制正多边形各角的连线以及对应的名称

if (radarAxisData.getTypes()!=null)
for (int j=0; j<radarAxisData.getTypes().length; j++){
//连接各点
mPathLine.moveTo(0,0);
mPathLine.lineTo(radarAxisData.getAxisLength()*radarAxisData.getCosArray()[j],
radarAxisData.getAxisLength()*radarAxisData.getSinArray()[j]);
//绘制文字
canvas.save();
canvas.rotate(180);
//设置文字坐标
mPointF.y = -radarAxisData.getAxisLength()*radarAxisData.getSinArray()[j]*1.1f;
mPointF.x = -radarAxisData.getAxisLength()*radarAxisData.getCosArray()[j]*1.1f;
//根据cos值，判断文字位置，设置居左、居中、居右
if (radarAxisData.getCosArray()[j]>0.2){
textCenter(new String[]{radarAxisData.getTypes()[j]},mPaintText,canvas,mPointF, Paint.Align.RIGHT);
}else if (radarAxisData.getCosArray()[j]<-0.2){
textCenter(new String[]{radarAxisData.getTypes()[j]},mPaintText,canvas,mPointF, Paint.Align.LEFT);
}else {
textCenter(new String[]{radarAxisData.getTypes()[j]},mPaintText,canvas,mPointF, Paint.Align.CENTER);
}
canvas.restore();
}
mPathLine.close();
canvas.drawPath(mPathLine,mPaintLine);
mPathLine.reset();
canvas.restore();

因为文字的方向性，所以必须在绘制的过程中旋转回正方向。同时通过判断cos值的大小，来设置文字的居左、居中、居右。

最后给网格绘制刻度，因为y轴正方向是向下的，所以在设置坐标是需这只负值。

//设置小数点位数
NumberFormat numberFormat = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance();
numberFormat.setMaximumFractionDigits(radarAxisData.getDecimalPlaces());
if (radarAxisData.getIsTextSize())
for (int i=1; i<number+1; i++){
mPointF.x = 0;
mPointF.y = -radarAxisData.getAxisLength()*(1-i/number);
//绘制文字
canvas.drawText(numberFormat.format(radarAxisData.getMinimum()+radarAxisData.getInterval()*(number-i))
+" "+radarAxisData.getUnit(), mPointF.x, mPointF.y, mPaintText);
}

三、绘制数据覆盖区域

绘制实际数据也是在onDraw中进行的，只需计算出各个数据在画布上的实际长度，再乘以相应的cos、sin之后，就可以获得相应的坐标点。位移需要注意的是，绘制的点数需要以传入的各角的字符串的数量为准，同时在数据为空的情况下，设置数据为0即可。

@Override
public void drawGraph(Canvas canvas, float animatedValue) {
for (int i=0 ; i<radarAxisData.getTypes().length; i++){
if (i<radarData.getValue().size()) {
float value = radarData.getValue().get(i);
float yValue = (value-radarAxisData.getMinimum())*radarAxisData.getAxisScale();
if (i==0){
//移动至第一点
mPath.moveTo(yValue*radarAxisData.getCosArray()[i],yValue*radarAxisData.getSinArray()[i]);
}else {
//连接其余各点
mPath.lineTo(yValue*radarAxisData.getCosArray()[i],yValue*radarAxisData.getSinArray()[i]);
}
}else {
mPath.lineTo(0,0);
}
}
mPath.close();
//填充区域绘制
mPaintFill.setColor(radarData.getColor());
mPaintFill.setAlpha(radarData.getAlpha());
canvas.drawPath(mPath,mPaintFill);
//描线路径绘制
mPaintStroke.setColor(radarData.getColor());
canvas.drawPath(mPath,mPaintStroke);
mPath.reset();
}

四、适应wrap_content

View原有的 onMeasure 函数中，使用了 getDefaultSize 方法，来根据不同的测量方式，生成View的实际宽高。来看下
getDefaultSize 的源码 :

public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {
int result = size;
int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);//获取测量方式
int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);//获取测量数值
switch (specMode) {
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
result = size;
break;
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
result = specSize;
break;
}
return result;
}

可以看出 getDefaultSize方法 中，对于xml中设置wrap_content时，使用的 AT_MOST 测量方法并没有做相应处理。

View中还有另一个方法 resolveSizeAndState 可以满足我们对 AT_MOST 情况下View宽高的需求。源码 :

public static int resolveSizeAndState(int size, int measureSpec, int childMeasuredState) {
final int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
final int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);
final int result;
switch (specMode) {
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
if (specSize < size) {
result = specSize | MEASURED_STATE_TOO_SMALL;
} else {
result = size;
}
break;
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
result = specSize;
break;
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
default:
result = size;
}
return result | (childMeasuredState & MEASURED_STATE_MASK);
}

resolveSizeAndState 方法中，在 AT_MOST 测量模式下。如果
onMeasure 传递的measureSpec值小于，你给定的size值，则会使用
MEASURED_STATE_TOO_SMALL(值为 0x01000000 )整理后的specSize值；如果你给定的size更小，那么就是用你的size作为返回。最后通过与MEASURED_STATE_MASK合成出返回值。
另两种情况下和之前的 getDefaultSize 时相同，在
EXACTLY 时，即给定宽高值得情况下，使用了 onMeasure 中获取的值。
而在 UNSPECIFIED 时，即View想要多大就多大的情况下，使用了给定的size作为返回值，而我们没有子View，childMeasuredState设置为0即可。最后通过与MEASURED_STATE_MASK合成出返回值。

现在使用 resolveSizeAndState 方法只差size值了，获取size值的方法与之前的
PieChart 类似，通过计算需要绘制文字的宽高以及数量，来计算出size值。

public int getCurrentWidth() {
int wrapSize;
if (mDataList!=null&&mDataList.size()>1&&mRadarAxisData.getTypes().length>1){
//设置小数位数
NumberFormat numberFormat =NumberFormat.getPercentInstance();
numberFormat.setMinimumFractionDigits(mRadarAxisData.getDecimalPlaces());
paintText.setStrokeWidth(mRadarAxisData.getPaintWidth());
paintText.setTextSize(mRadarAxisData.getTextSize());
//获取FontMetrics
Paint.FontMetrics fontMetrics= paintText.getFontMetrics();
float top = fontMetrics.top;//获取baseline之上高度
float bottom = fontMetrics.bottom; //获取baseline之下高度
float webWidth = (bottom-top)*(float) Math.ceil((mRadarAxisData.getMaximum()-mRadarAxisData.getMinimum())
/mRadarAxisData.getInterval());//计算单个高度*数量
float nameWidth = paintText.measureText(mRadarAxisData.getTypes()[0]);//计算正多边形各角字符的长度
wrapSize = (int) (webWidth*2+nameWidth*1.1);
}else {
wrapSize = 0;
}
return wrapSize;
}

由代码可以看出通过计算出刻度值的高度与各角字符的高度来合成Size值。

最后只要在 onMeasure 中使用size值，即可实现雷达图 wrap_content 效果。与getSuggestedMinimumWidth()获取的值相比较是为了防止，size过小而出现以外，虽然此情况出现的几率并不大。

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http://www.cunet.com.cn/e/space/?userid=3486072&nok.aspx

http://www.cunet.com.cn/e/space/?userid=3486084&cgy.aspx

http://www.cunet.com.cn/e/space/?userid=3486092&yuc.aspx

@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
setMeasuredDimension(
Math.max(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(),
resolveSize(getCurrentWidth(),
widthMeasureSpec)),
Math.max(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(),
resolveSize(getCurrentHeight(),
heightMeasureSpec)));
}

五、小结

本文详细的说明了雷达图(蜘蛛网图)的具体实现，同时介绍了View中的相关流程函数，以及 resolveSizeAndState 和
getDefaultSize 的大致内容，以选取更合适的方法来动态的适应 wrap_content 。并且通过使用PathMeasure类的
getPosTan 方法，更方便的获取雷达图各顶点方向的cos、sin值。

如果在阅读过程中，有任何疑问与问题，欢迎与我联系。

GitHub:
https://github.com/Idtk

博客:http://www.idtkm.com

微博:
http://weibo.com/Idtk

邮箱:
Idtkma@gmail.com

雷达图源码