IT博客汇 | Python：虚拟环境【pyenv】

Python：虚拟环境【pyenv】

Adamhuan发表于 2016-09-23 08:46:31

获取【pyenv】的程序：

[root@zabbix-server ~]# git clone https://github.com/yyuu/pyenv.git ~/.pyenv
Cloning into '/root/.pyenv'...
remote: Counting objects: 13794, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (5/5), done.
remote: Total 13794 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 13789
Receiving objects: 100% (13794/13794), 2.44 MiB | 521.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (9570/9570), done.
[root@zabbix-server ~]# 
[root@zabbix-server ~]# ls -a ~/ | grep --color pyenv
drwxr-xr-x  10 root root 4096 |2016-09-23|01:06:37 .pyenv
[root@zabbix-server ~]# 
[root@zabbix-server ~]# ls -a ~/.pyenv/
total 88
dr-xr-x---. 15 root root  4096 |2016-09-23|01:06:29 ..
-rw-r--r--   1 root root    35 |2016-09-23|01:06:37 .vimrc
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   161 |2016-09-23|01:06:37 .travis.yml
-rw-r--r--   1 root root 14092 |2016-09-23|01:06:37 README.md
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   285 |2016-09-23|01:06:37 Makefile
-rw-r--r--   1 root root  1092 |2016-09-23|01:06:37 LICENSE
-rw-r--r--   1 root root    89 |2016-09-23|01:06:37 .gitignore
-rw-r--r--   1 root root  3390 |2016-09-23|01:06:37 CONDUCT.md
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root    56 |2016-09-23|01:06:37 completions
-rw-r--r--   1 root root  7522 |2016-09-23|01:06:37 COMMANDS.md
-rw-r--r--   1 root root 20236 |2016-09-23|01:06:37 CHANGELOG.md
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root    18 |2016-09-23|01:06:37 bin
-rw-r--r--   1 root root    19 |2016-09-23|01:06:37 .agignore
drwxr-xr-x   3 root root    42 |2016-09-23|01:06:37 plugins
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 |2016-09-23|01:06:37 libexec
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root    87 |2016-09-23|01:06:37 src
drwxr-xr-x   4 root root    30 |2016-09-23|01:06:37 pyenv.d
drwxr-xr-x  10 root root  4096 |2016-09-23|01:06:37 .
drwxr-xr-x   3 root root  4096 |2016-09-23|01:06:37 test
drwxr-xr-x   8 root root   152 |2016-09-23|01:06:37 .git
[root@zabbix-server ~]#

配置环境变量：

[root@zabbix-server ~]# vi ~/.bash_profile 
[root@zabbix-server ~]# 
[root@zabbix-server ~]# cat ~/.bash_profile
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
	. ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export PATH

# for PYENV
export PYENV_ROOT="/root/.pyenv"
export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"
eval "$(pyenv init -)"
[root@zabbix-server ~]# 
[root@zabbix-server ~]# source ~/.bash_profile
[root@zabbix-server ~]#

这样就安装完了。

列出可以安装的python版本：

[root@zabbix-server ~]# pyenv install --list
Available versions:
  2.1.3
  2.2.3
  2.3.7
  2.4
  2.4.1
  2.4.2
  2.4.3
  2.4.4
  2.4.5
  2.4.6
  2.5
  2.5.1
  2.5.2
  2.5.3
  2.5.4
  2.5.5
  2.5.6
  2.6.6
  2.6.7
  2.6.8
  2.6.9
  2.7-dev
  2.7
  2.7.1
  2.7.2
  2.7.3
  2.7.4
  2.7.5
  2.7.6
  2.7.7
  2.7.8
  2.7.9
  2.7.10
  2.7.11
  2.7.12
  3.0.1
  3.1
  3.1.1
  3.1.2
  3.1.3
  3.1.4
  3.1.5
  3.2-dev
  3.2
  3.2.1
  3.2.2
  3.2.3
  3.2.4
  3.2.5
  3.2.6
  3.3.0
  3.3-dev
  3.3.1
  3.3.2
  3.3.3
  3.3.4
  3.3.5
  3.3.6
  3.4.0
  3.4-dev
  3.4.1
  3.4.2
  3.4.3
  3.4.4
  3.4.5
  3.5.0
  3.5-dev
  3.5.1
  3.5.2
  3.6.0b1
  3.6-dev
  anaconda-1.4.0
  anaconda-1.5.0
  anaconda-1.5.1
  anaconda-1.6.0
  anaconda-1.6.1
  anaconda-1.7.0
  anaconda-1.8.0
  anaconda-1.9.0
  anaconda-1.9.1
  anaconda-1.9.2
  anaconda-2.0.0
  anaconda-2.0.1
  anaconda-2.1.0
  anaconda-2.2.0
  anaconda-2.3.0
  anaconda-2.4.0
  anaconda-4.0.0
  anaconda2-2.4.0
  anaconda2-2.4.1
  anaconda2-2.5.0
  anaconda2-4.0.0
  anaconda2-4.1.0
  anaconda2-4.1.1
  anaconda3-2.0.0
  anaconda3-2.0.1
  anaconda3-2.1.0
  anaconda3-2.2.0
  anaconda3-2.3.0
  anaconda3-2.4.0
  anaconda3-2.4.1
  anaconda3-2.5.0
  anaconda3-4.0.0
  anaconda3-4.1.0
  anaconda3-4.1.1
  ironpython-dev
  ironpython-2.7.4
  ironpython-2.7.5
  jython-dev
  jython-2.5.0
  jython-2.5-dev
  jython-2.5.1
  jython-2.5.2
  jython-2.5.3
  jython-2.5.4-rc1
  jython-2.7.0
  jython-2.7.1b1
  jython-2.7.1b2
  jython-2.7.1b3
  miniconda-latest
  miniconda-2.2.2
  miniconda-3.0.0
  miniconda-3.0.4
  miniconda-3.0.5
  miniconda-3.3.0
  miniconda-3.4.2
  miniconda-3.7.0
  miniconda-3.8.3
  miniconda-3.9.1
  miniconda-3.10.1
  miniconda-3.16.0
  miniconda-3.18.3
  miniconda2-latest
  miniconda2-3.18.3
  miniconda2-3.19.0
  miniconda2-4.0.5
  miniconda2-4.1.11
  miniconda3-latest
  miniconda3-2.2.2
  miniconda3-3.0.0
  miniconda3-3.0.4
  miniconda3-3.0.5
  miniconda3-3.3.0
  miniconda3-3.4.2
  miniconda3-3.7.0
  miniconda3-3.8.3
  miniconda3-3.9.1
  miniconda3-3.10.1
  miniconda3-3.16.0
  miniconda3-3.18.3
  miniconda3-3.19.0
  miniconda3-4.0.5
  miniconda3-4.1.11
  pypy-c-jit-latest
  pypy-c-nojit-latest
  pypy-dev
  pypy-stm-2.3
  pypy-portable-2.3.1
  pypy-portable-2.4
  pypy-portable-2.5
  pypy-portable-2.5.1
  pypy-stm-2.5.1
  pypy-portable-2.6
  pypy-portable-2.6.1
  pypy-portable-4.0
  pypy-portable-4.0.1
  pypy-portable-5.0
  pypy-portable-5.0.1
  pypy-portable-5.1
  pypy-portable-5.1.1
  pypy-portable-5.3.1
  pypy-portable-5.4
  pypy-portable-5.4.1
  pypy-1.5-src
  pypy-1.5
  pypy-1.6
  pypy-1.7-dev
  pypy-1.7
  pypy-1.8-dev
  pypy-1.8
  pypy-1.9-dev
  pypy-1.9
  pypy-2.0-dev
  pypy-2.0-src
  pypy-2.0
  pypy-2.0.1-src
  pypy-2.0.1
  pypy-2.0.2-src
  pypy-2.0.2
  pypy-2.1-src
  pypy-2.1
  pypy-2.2-src
  pypy-2.2
  pypy-2.2.1-src
  pypy-2.2.1
  pypy-2.3-src
  pypy-2.3
  pypy-2.3.1-src
  pypy-2.3.1
  pypy-2.4.0-src
  pypy-2.4.0
  pypy-2.4-beta1-src
  pypy-2.4-beta1
  pypy-2.5.0-src
  pypy-2.5.0
  pypy-2.5.1-src
  pypy-2.5.1
  pypy-2.6.0-src
  pypy-2.6.0
  pypy-2.6.1-src
  pypy-2.6.1
  pypy-4.0.0-src
  pypy-4.0.0
  pypy-4.0.1-src
  pypy-4.0.1
  pypy-5.0.0-src
  pypy-5.0.0
  pypy-5.0.1-src
  pypy-5.0.1
  pypy-5.1-src
  pypy-5.1
  pypy-5.1.1-src
  pypy-5.1.1
  pypy-5.3-src
  pypy-5.3
  pypy-5.3.1-src
  pypy-5.3.1
  pypy-5.4-src
  pypy-5.4
  pypy-5.4.1-src
  pypy-5.4.1
  pypy2-5.3-src
  pypy2-5.3
  pypy2-5.3.1-src
  pypy2-5.3.1
  pypy2-5.4-src
  pypy2-5.4
  pypy2-5.4.1-src
  pypy2-5.4.1
  pypy3-dev
  pypy3-portable-2.3.1
  pypy3-portable-2.4
  pypy3-2.3.1-src
  pypy3-2.3.1
  pypy3-2.4.0-src
  pypy3-2.4.0
  pypy3.3-5.2-alpha1-src
  pypy3.3-5.2-alpha1
  stackless-dev
  stackless-2.7-dev
  stackless-2.7.2
  stackless-2.7.3
  stackless-2.7.4
  stackless-2.7.5
  stackless-2.7.6
  stackless-2.7.7
  stackless-2.7.8
  stackless-3.2-dev
  stackless-3.2.2
  stackless-3.2.5
  stackless-3.3-dev
  stackless-3.3.5
  stackless-3.4.1
[root@zabbix-server ~]#

查看当前的系统的Python版本：

[root@zabbix-server ~]# rpm -qa | grep --color ^python
python-javapackages-3.4.1-6.el7_0.noarch
python-backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.4.0.2-4.el7.noarch
python-ldap-2.4.15-2.el7.x86_64
python-urwid-1.1.1-3.el7.x86_64
python-IPy-0.75-6.el7.noarch
python-slip-dbus-0.4.0-2.el7.noarch
python-di-0.3-2.el7.noarch
python-pyudev-0.15-6.el7.noarch
python-netaddr-0.7.5-7.el7.noarch
python-caribou-0.4.11-3.el7.noarch
python-sssdconfig-1.12.2-58.el7.noarch
python-lxml-3.2.1-4.el7.x86_64
python-deltarpm-3.6-3.el7.x86_64
python-slip-0.4.0-2.el7.noarch
python-dns-1.11.1-2.20140901git9329daf.el7.noarch
python-coverage-3.6-0.5.b3.el7.x86_64
python-iniparse-0.4-9.el7.noarch
python-chardet-2.0.1-7.el7.noarch
python-rtslib-2.1.fb50-1.el7.noarch
python-pycurl-7.19.0-17.el7.x86_64
python-pwquality-1.2.3-4.el7.x86_64
python-libs-2.7.5-16.el7.x86_64
python-inotify-0.9.4-4.el7.noarch
python-meh-0.25.2-1.el7.noarch
python-brlapi-0.6.0-9.el7.x86_64
python-dmidecode-3.10.13-11.el7.x86_64
python-cups-1.9.63-6.el7.x86_64
python-yubico-1.2.1-3.el7.noarch
python-pyasn1-0.1.6-2.el7.noarch
python-setuptools-0.9.8-3.el7.noarch
python-kerberos-1.1-15.el7.x86_64
python-kmod-0.9-4.el7.x86_64
python-2.7.5-16.el7.x86_64
python-configshell-1.1.fb14-1.el7.noarch
python-blivet-0.61.0.26-1.el7.noarch
python-decorator-3.4.0-3.el7.noarch
python-six-1.3.0-4.el7.noarch
python-ethtool-0.8-5.el7.x86_64
python-qrcode-core-5.0.1-1.el7.noarch
python-configobj-4.7.2-7.el7.noarch
python-krbV-1.0.90-8.el7.x86_64
python-augeas-0.4.1-5.el7.noarch
python-pyblock-0.53-6.el7.x86_64
python-backports-1.0-8.el7.x86_64
python-kitchen-1.1.1-5.el7.noarch
python-urlgrabber-3.10-6.el7.noarch
python-dateutil-1.5-7.el7.noarch
python-meh-gui-0.25.2-1.el7.noarch
python-nss-0.16.0-2.el7.x86_64
[root@zabbix-server ~]#
[root@zabbix-server ~]# whereis python
python: /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2.7 /usr/lib/python2.7 /usr/lib64/python2.7 /usr/include/python2.7 /usr/share/man/man1/python.1.gz
[root@zabbix-server ~]#

可以看到，当前系统中的Python是2.7.5的版本：【python-2.7.5-16.el7.x86_64】。

当前最新版本为：
1. 3.5.2
2. 2.7.12

用pyenv安装具体版本前，检查系统软件包：
yum install -y zlib* readline* bzip2* openssl* sqlite*

否则，会出现这样的错误：

WARNING: The Python readline extension was not compiled. Missing the GNU readline lib?
ERROR: The Python zlib extension was not compiled. Missing the zlib?

Please consult to the Wiki page to fix the problem.
https://github.com/yyuu/pyenv/wiki/Common-build-problems


BUILD FAILED (RedHatEnterpriseServer 5.10 using python-build 1.0.2)

Inspect or clean up the working tree at /tmp/python-build.20160923005926.29366
Results logged to /tmp/python-build.20160923005926.29366.log

Last 10 log lines:
rm -f /root/.pyenv/versions/2.7.9/share/man/man1/python.1
(cd /root/.pyenv/versions/2.7.9/share/man/man1; ln -s python2.1 python.1)
if test "xno" != "xno"  ; then \
		case no in \
			upgrade) ensurepip="--upgrade" ;; \
			install|*) ensurepip="" ;; \
		esac; \
		 ./python -E -m ensurepip \
			$ensurepip --root=/ ; \
	fi

给系统新装一个Python版本：3.5.2。

[root@zabbix-server ~]# pyenv install -v 3.5.2
/tmp/python-build.20160923011056.42291 ~
Downloading Python-3.5.2.tar.xz...
-> https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.5.2/Python-3.5.2.tar.xz

（... ....过多的输出。）

rm -f /root/.pyenv/versions/3.5.2/share/man/man1/python3.1
(cd /root/.pyenv/versions/3.5.2/share/man/man1; ln -s python3.5.1 python3.1)
if test "xupgrade" != "xno"  ; then \
	case upgrade in \
		upgrade) ensurepip="--upgrade" ;; \
		install|*) ensurepip="" ;; \
	esac; \
	 ./python -E -m ensurepip \
		$ensurepip --root=/ ; \
fi
Ignoring indexes: https://pypi.python.org/simple
Collecting setuptools
Collecting pip
Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip
Successfully installed pip-8.1.1 setuptools-20.10.1
Installed Python-3.5.2 to /root/.pyenv/versions/3.5.2

/tmp/python-build.20160923012503.70564 ~
~
[root@zabbix-server ~]#

这样，就安装成功了。

安装后查看当前系统状态：

[root@zabbix-server ~]# whereis python
python: /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2.7 /usr/lib/python2.7 /usr/lib64/python2.7 /usr/include/python2.7 /root/.pyenv/shims/python /root/.pyenv/shims/python3.5 /root/.pyenv/shims/python3.5-config /root/.pyenv/shims/python3.5m /root/.pyenv/shims/python3.5m-config /usr/share/man/man1/python.1.gz
[root@zabbix-server ~]#

切换到版本：3.5.2。

[root@zabbix-server ~]# pyenv version
system (set by /root/.pyenv/version)
[root@zabbix-server ~]#
[root@zabbix-server ~]# pyenv global 3.5.2
[root@zabbix-server ~]# 
[root@zabbix-server ~]# pyenv version
3.5.2 (set by /root/.pyenv/version)
[root@zabbix-server ~]#

安装：pyenv-virtualenv

[root@zabbix-server ~]# git clone https://github.com/yyuu/pyenv-virtualenv.git ~/.pyenv/plugins/pyenv-virtualenvCloning into '/root/.pyenv/plugins/pyenv-virtualenv'...
remote: Counting objects: 1856, done.
remote: Total 1856 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 1856
Receiving objects: 100% (1856/1856), 529.51 KiB | 190.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (1272/1272), done.
[root@zabbix-server ~]#

配置环境变量：

[root@zabbix-server ~]# vi ~/.bash_profile 
[root@zabbix-server ~]# 
[root@zabbix-server ~]# cat ~/.bash_profile 
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
	. ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export PATH

# for PYENV
export PYENV_ROOT="/root/.pyenv"
export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"
eval "$(pyenv init -)"

# for PYENV VIRTUALENV
eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)"

[root@zabbix-server ~]# 
[root@zabbix-server ~]# source ~/.bash_profile 
[root@zabbix-server ~]#

创建虚拟环境：

[root@zabbix-server ~]# pyenv virtualenv 3.5.2 env_python_352
Ignoring indexes: https://pypi.python.org/simple
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): setuptools in /root/.pyenv/versions/3.5.2/envs/env_python_352/lib/python3.5/site-packages
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): pip in /root/.pyenv/versions/3.5.2/envs/env_python_352/lib/python3.5/site-packages
[root@zabbix-server ~]#

使用虚拟环境，并退出：
RHEL5：

[root@linux-center ~]# python -V
Python 2.4.3
[root@linux-center ~]# 
[root@linux-center ~]# pyenv virtualenv 2.7.9 env279
Downloading/unpacking virtualenv
  Downloading virtualenv-15.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (3.5MB): 3.5MB downloaded
Installing collected packages: virtualenv
Successfully installed virtualenv
Cleaning up...
New python executable in /root/.pyenv/versions/2.7.9/envs/env279/bin/python2.7
Also creating executable in /root/.pyenv/versions/2.7.9/envs/env279/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...done.
Ignoring indexes: https://pypi.python.org/simple/
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): setuptools in /root/.pyenv/versions/2.7.9/envs/env279/lib/python2.7/site-packages
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): pip in /root/.pyenv/versions/2.7.9/envs/env279/lib/python2.7/site-packages
Cleaning up...
[root@linux-center ~]# 
[root@linux-center ~]# python -V
Python 2.4.3
[root@linux-center ~]# 
[root@linux-center ~]# pyenv activate env279
pyenv-virtualenv: prompt changing will be removed from future release. configure `export PYENV_VIRTUALENV_DISABLE_PROMPT=1' to simulate the behavior.
(env279) [root@linux-center ~]# 
(env279) [root@linux-center ~]# python -V
Python 2.7.9
(env279) [root@linux-center ~]# 
(env279) [root@linux-center ~]# pyenv deactivate 
[root@linux-center ~]# 
[root@linux-center ~]# python -V
Python 2.4.3
[root@linux-center ~]#

RHEL7：

[root@zabbix-server ~]# pyenv activate env_python_352
pyenv-virtualenv: prompt changing will be removed from future release. configure `export PYENV_VIRTUALENV_DISABLE_PROMPT=1' to simulate the behavior.
(env_python_352) [root@zabbix-server ~]# 
(env_python_352) [root@zabbix-server ~]# python -V
Python 3.5.2
(env_python_352) [root@zabbix-server ~]# 
(env_python_352) [root@zabbix-server ~]# pyenv deactivate 
[root@zabbix-server ~]# 

[root@zabbix-server ~]# python -V
Python 3.5.2
[root@zabbix-server ~]# 
[root@zabbix-server ~]# pyenv virtualenv 2.7.12 env2712
Collecting virtualenv
  Downloading virtualenv-15.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (3.5MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 3.5MB 104kB/s 
Installing collected packages: virtualenv
Successfully installed virtualenv-15.0.3
You are using pip version 8.1.1, however version 8.1.2 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
New python executable in /root/.pyenv/versions/2.7.12/envs/env2712/bin/python2.7
Also creating executable in /root/.pyenv/versions/2.7.12/envs/env2712/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...done.
Ignoring indexes: https://pypi.python.org/simple
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): setuptools in /root/.pyenv/versions/2.7.12/envs/env2712/lib/python2.7/site-packages
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): pip in /root/.pyenv/versions/2.7.12/envs/env2712/lib/python2.7/site-packages
[root@zabbix-server ~]# 
[root@zabbix-server ~]# python -V
Python 3.5.2
[root@zabbix-server ~]# 
[root@zabbix-server ~]# pyenv activate env2712
pyenv-virtualenv: prompt changing will be removed from future release. configure `export PYENV_VIRTUALENV_DISABLE_PROMPT=1' to simulate the behavior.
(env2712) [root@zabbix-server ~]# 
(env2712) [root@zabbix-server ~]# python -V
Python 2.7.12
(env2712) [root@zabbix-server ~]# 
(env2712) [root@zabbix-server ~]# pyenv deactivate 
[root@zabbix-server ~]# 
[root@zabbix-server ~]# python -V
Python 3.5.2
[root@zabbix-server ~]#

如果你切换的虚拟环境不存在，你会遇到这样的错误：

[root@zabbix-server ~]# pyenv activate not_exsist
pyenv-virtualenv: version `not_exsist' is not a virtualenv
[root@zabbix-server ~]#

——————————————
Done。