ngx_pagespeed 是 Nginx 的一个扩展模块，主要的功能是针对前端页面而进行服务器端的优化，对前端设计人员来说，可以省去优化css、js以及图片的过程。ngx_pagespeed对nginx自身负载能力的提升基本是看不到的，甚至会因为进行服务器端的优化而使系统增加负载；但从减少客户请求数的角度去看，牺牲部分服务器性能还是值得的。ngx_pagespeed模块的主要功能如下：

图像优化：剥离元数据、动态调整，重新压缩
CSS和JavaScript压缩、合并、级联、内联
小资源内联
推迟图像和JavaScript加载
对HTML重写、压缩空格、去除注释等
提升缓存周期

提示：ngx_pagespeed模块目前仍处于开发阶段，功能上与mod_pagespeed相比稍有欠缺。但开源的力量不可小觑，Github上针对ngx_pagespeed Bugs的反馈更新很频繁，基本上都能很快得到解决，使用前务必考虑这点，不建议部署在生产环境。另，系统内GCC版本必须大于4.2。

ngx_pagespeed更新频率较高，建议及时更新到最新版本，而且最好先部署在本地环境中，经过一番测试稳定后再上线生产环境。主要测试方法参考这里：https://github.com/pagespeed/ngx_pagespeed/wiki/Testing

编译nginx和ngx_pagespeed，务必查看官方的材料：
ngx_pagespeed官方 http://ngxpagespeed.com/
Github https://github.com/pagespeed/ngx_pagespeed
Google Developers https://developers.google.com/speed/docs/mod_pagespeed/build_ngx_pagespeed_from_source
这里环境为nginx 1.9.6 和pagespeed 1.10.33.2，步骤如下：

# git clone git://github.com/pagespeed/ngx_pagespeed.git
# cd ngx_pagespeed/
# wget -c https://dl.google.com/dl/page-speed/psol/1.10.33.2.tar.gz
# rm -rf psol
# tar -zxvf 1.10.33.2.tar.gz # expands to psol/
# ./scripts/pagespeed_libraries_generator.sh > /usr/local/nginx/conf/pagespeed_libraries.conf

然后重新编译nginx,首先查看线上使用的编译参数，然后追加ngx_pagespeed模块进去，编译后覆盖到原来nginx的sbin路径，然后重启一下nginx就可以了。

# nginx version: nginx/1.9.6
built by gcc 4.8.3 20140911 (Red Hat 4.8.3-9) (GCC)
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2d 9 Jul 2015
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --with-file-aio --with-ipv6 --with-http_geoip_module --with-zlib=/usr/local/src/zlib-1.2.8 --with-openssl-opt=no-krb5 --with-openssl=/usr/local/src/openssl-1.0.2d --with-threads --with-http_v2_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_xslt_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-google_perftools_module --with-mail --with-mail_ssl_module --with-http_degradation_module --with-libatomic --add-module=/usr/local/src/ngx_pagespeed --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.37 --with-pcre-jit --with-ld-opt=-lrt --with-debug
# make # 只make，接下来不需要make install
# mv /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/nginx.old # 备份原来的执行文件
# cp objs/nginx /usr/sbin/nginx # 复制刚刚编译好的执行文件
# /usr/sbin/nginx -t # 测试配置文件
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

测试通过，然后进行平滑升级nginx，首先发送USR2信号给nginx，然后再优雅退出旧的进程。

# kill -USR2 `cat /var/run/nginx.pid`
# kill -QUIT `cat /var/run/nginx.pid.oldbin`

另外32位系统编译时，需要在./configure 后面加上–with-cc-opt=’-DLINUX=2 -D_REENTRANT -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE -march=i686 -pthread’ 。强烈建议在64位系统下使用ngx_pagespeed模块，64位系统并不会比32位系统使用更多内存。

安装ngx_pagespeed后第一件事情就去看Google官方帮助文件，必须了解清楚模块的运作和相应过滤器的功能，个人建议是不用开这么多过滤。还要记得打开日志记录以便于查看运行产生的错误，一般在nginx.conf的error处指定日志输出路径(如：error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log info;)，nginx启动后在终端中查看日志输出。在你所打开的任何一个过滤器（EnableFilters）后，建议都做这个步骤检查pagespeed是否出错。

个人使用时发现默认的配置会和nginx的rewrite系统有一些不兼容的情况，特别是开启了lazyload_images rewrite_css rewrite_images rewrite_javascript之类的，那么html源码里面出现的ngx_pagespeed_static url地址一访问就会出现404 not found的错误，或者直接rewrite到index.php，那么你需要做一件事：在ngx_pagespeed公用配置里面添加一行，如下红字部分。重点：Discuz论坛不要开启lazyload_images这个过滤器，否则会出现不能显示帖子内的图片附件。

#  Ensure requests for pagespeed optimized resources go to the pagespeed
#  handler and no extraneous headers get set.
location ~ ".pagespeed.([a-z].)?[a-z]{2}.[^.]{10}.[^.]+" { add_header "" ""; }
location ~ "^/ngx_pagespeed_static/" { }
location ~ "^/ngx_pagespeed_beacon$" { }
location /ngx_pagespeed_statistics { allow 127.0.0.1; deny all; }
location /ngx_pagespeed_global_statistics { allow 127.0.0.1; deny all; }
location /ngx_pagespeed_message { allow 127.0.0.1; deny all; }
location /pagespeed_console { allow 127.0.0.1; deny all; }
if ($request_uri ~ "(ngx_pagespeed_([^.]+)/(.*)?)") { break; }

添加之后无需更改原有网站的rewrite规则，即可正常使用。

本站开启了ngx_pagespeed，然后用几个前端测试工具进行测试，在PageSpeed测试环节，本站得到了93分。测试结果可以点击下列地址查看：http://gtmetrix.com/reports/blog.icodex.org/jmELNaSS
http://www.webpagetest.org/result/130510_X8_4Z8/

总结：经过朋友和自己的多番测试，nginx部署安装前端优化模块ngx_pagespeed还是非常有必要的。
——————————————————– 分割线——————————————————–

附本站所在服务器上的配置文件片段：

0. nginx编译参数部分

[icodex@srv0 ~]$ sudo nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.9.6
built by gcc 4.8.3 20140911 (Red Hat 4.8.3-9) (GCC)
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2d 9 Jul 2015
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --with-file-aio --with-ipv6 --with-http_geoip_module --with-zlib=/usr/local/src/zlib-1.2.8 --with-openssl-opt=no-krb5 --with-openssl=/usr/local/src/openssl-1.0.2d --with-threads --with-http_v2_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_xslt_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-google_perftools_module --with-mail --with-mail_ssl_module --with-http_degradation_module --with-libatomic --add-module=/usr/local/src/ngx_pagespeed --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.37 --with-pcre-jit --with-ld-opt=-lrt --with-debug

1. /usr/local/nginx/conf/pagespeed.conf

 pagespeed UseNativeFetcher on;
 pagespeed FetcherTimeoutMs 300;
 resolver 8.8.4.4 8.8.8.8 valid=300s;
 resolver_timeout 10s;
 pagespeed Disallow "*.php*";
 pagespeed Allow "*";
 pagespeed RewriteDeadlinePerFlushMs 100;
 pagespeed ImplicitCacheTtlMs 300;
 pagespeed InPlaceRewriteDeadlineMs 30;
 pagespeed FetchWithGzip on;
 pagespeed ForceCaching on;
 pagespeed FetchHttps enable;
 pagespeed FetchHttps enable,allow_self_signed;
 pagespeed ReportUnloadTime on;

 pagespeed FileCachePath /var/cache/pagespeed;
 pagespeed FileCacheSizeKb 102400;
 pagespeed FileCacheCleanIntervalMs 3600000;
 pagespeed FileCacheInodeLimit 500000;

 pagespeed LRUCacheKbPerProcess 8192;
 pagespeed LRUCacheByteLimit 16384;
 pagespeed BlockingRewriteKey psatest;

 pagespeed DefaultSharedMemoryCacheKB 50000;
 pagespeed CreateSharedMemoryMetadataCache "/var/cache/pagespeed" 51200;

 #Rewriting Level
 pagespeed RewriteLevel CoreFilters;
 #The default level is CoreFilters. The core set of filters contains:
 #add_head,combine_css,combine_javascript,convert_meta_tags,extend_cache,fallback_rewrite_css_urls,flatten_css_imports,inline_css,inline_import_to_link,inline_javascript,rewrite_css,rewrite_images,rewrite_javascript,rewrite_style_attributes_with_url;
 pagespeed EnableFilters in_place_optimize_for_browser,combine_heads,insert_ga,trim_urls,collapse_whitespace,remove_comments,remove_quotes,insert_dns_prefetch,make_google_analytics_async,make_show_ads_async;
 pagespeed EnableFilters add_instrumentation,pedantic,elide_attributes,decode_rewritten_urls,rewrite_domains;
 pagespeed EnableFilters inline_google_font_css,rewrite_javascript_external,rewrite_javascript_inline,;
 pagespeed EnableFilters move_css_above_scripts,move_css_to_head,outline_css,prioritize_critical_css,rewrite_style_attributes;
 #pagespeed EnableFilters defer_javascript;
 pagespeed EnableFilters outline_javascript,include_js_source_maps;
 pagespeed EnableFilters canonicalize_javascript_libraries,inline_google_font_css;
 pagespeed EnableFilters inline_preview_images;
 pagespeed EnableFilters lazyload_images;
 pagespeed EnableFilters responsive_images,resize_images,resize_rendered_image_dimensions,resize_mobile_images,sprite_images,recompress_images;
 pagespeed EnableFilters convert_gif_to_png,convert_jpeg_to_progressive,convert_png_to_jpeg,convert_jpeg_to_webp,convert_to_webp_animated,convert_to_webp_lossless,jpeg_subsampling,recompress_jpeg,recompress_png,recompress_webp,strip_image_color_profile,strip_image_meta_data;
 pagespeed EnableFilters resize_rendered_image_dimensions,dedup_inlined_images,insert_image_dimensions;
 pagespeed EnableFilters local_storage_cache,extend_cache_css,extend_cache_images,extend_cache_scripts,extend_cache_pdfs;

 pagespeed InPlaceResourceOptimization on;
 pagespeed CombineAcrossPaths off;

 pagespeed CssFlattenMaxBytes 102400;
 pagespeed CssImageInlineMaxBytes 3072;
 pagespeed CssInlineMaxBytes 20480;
 pagespeed CssOutlineMinBytes 40960;
 pagespeed ImageInlineMaxBytes 40960;
 pagespeed ImageJpegNumProgressiveScans -1;
 pagespeed ImageJpegNumProgressiveScansForSmallScreens -1;
 pagespeed ImageLimitOptimizedPercent 100;
 pagespeed ImageLimitResizeAreaPercent 100;
 pagespeed ImageRecompressionQuality 85;
 pagespeed ImageResolutionLimitBytes 32000000;
 pagespeed JpegRecompressionQuality -1;
 pagespeed JpegRecompressionQualityForSmallScreens 70;
 pagespeed WebpRecompressionQuality 80;
 pagespeed WebpRecompressionQualityForSmallScreens 70;
 pagespeed JsInlineMaxBytes 20480;
 pagespeed JsOutlineMinBytes 40960;
 pagespeed MaxCombinedCssBytes -1;
 pagespeed MaxCombinedJsBytes 51200;
 pagespeed MaxInlinedPreviewImagesIndex -1;
 pagespeed MinImageSizeLowResolutionBytes 3072;
 pagespeed RetainComment "[WILDCARD PATTERN]";

 pagespeed UseExperimentalJsMinifier on;
 pagespeed ImageMaxRewritesAtOnce 0;
 pagespeed ProgressiveJpegMinBytes 5120;
 pagespeed CriticalImagesBeaconEnabled true;
 pagespeed AvoidRenamingIntrospectiveJavascript on;
 pagespeed AddOptionsToUrls on;
 pagespeed DomainRewriteHyperlinks on;

 pagespeed UrlValuedAttribute span src hyperlink;
 pagespeed UrlValuedAttribute div background image;
 pagespeed MaxCacheableContentLength -1;
 pagespeed LazyloadImagesAfterOnload on;
 #pagespeed LazyloadImagesBlankUrl "http://www.gstatic.com/psa/static/1.gif";
 pagespeed LazyloadImagesBlankUrl "//clients.evlit.com/psa_static/1.gif";
 pagespeed ServeRewrittenWebpUrlsToAnyAgent off;
 pagespeed MaxSegmentLength 1024;

 #Respecting Vary Headers
 pagespeed RespectVary on;
 pagespeed PrivateNotVaryForIE off;
 #Honoring no-transform Cache-Control Headers
 pagespeed DisableRewriteOnNoTransform off;
 #Lower-casing HTML element and attribute names
 pagespeed LowercaseHtmlNames on;
 #Preserving HTML caching headers
 pagespeed ModifyCachingHeaders off;
 #Reducing Load by Randomly Dropping Expensive Rewrites
 pagespeed RewriteRandomDropPercentage 1;
 #Preserve URL Relativity
 pagespeed PreserveUrlRelativity on;
 #Specifying the value for the PageSpeed header
 pagespeed XHeaderValue "Powered By Pagespeed";
 #Configuring the location of static assets
 pagespeed StaticAssetPrefix /pagespeed_static/;
 pagespeed BeaconUrl "/pagespeed_beacon";
 #List outstanding urls on error
 pagespeed ListOutstandingUrlsOnError on;
 #Respecting X-Forwarded-Proto
 pagespeed RespectXForwardedProto on;
 #let's speed up PageSpeed by storing it in the super duper fast memcached
 pagespeed MemcachedServers "127.0.0.1:11211";
 pagespeed MemcachedTimeoutUs 100000;

 # PageSpeed Admin
 pagespeed MessageBufferSize 100000;
 pagespeed StatisticsPath /pagespeed_statistics;
 pagespeed GlobalStatisticsPath /pagespeed_global_statistics;
 pagespeed MessagesPath /pagespeed_message;
 pagespeed ConsolePath /pagespeed_console;
 pagespeed AdminPath /pagespeed_admin;
 pagespeed GlobalAdminPath /pagespeed_global_admin;

 # PageSpeed Cache Purge
 pagespeed EnableCachePurge on;
 pagespeed PurgeMethod PURGE;

 # PageSpeed Downstream Caches
 pagespeed DownstreamCachePurgeLocationPrefix http://localhost:80;
 pagespeed DownstreamCacheRebeaconingKey "N7CBn8AuiDkj6o";

 #pagespeed RunExperiment on;
 #pagespeed AnalyticsID UA-40827094-1;
 #pagespeed ExperimentVariable 3;
 #pagespeed ExperimentSpec "id=3;percent=10;default";
 #pagespeed ExperimentSpec "id=4;percent=10;level=CoreFilters;enabled=inline_preview_images,remove_comments;disabled=rewrite_javascript;options=AvoidRenamingIntrospectiveJavascript=off,CssInlineMaxBytes=4096";
 #pagespeed ExperimentSpec "id=5;percent=10";

2. /usr/local/nginx/conf/pagespeed_statslog.conf

#  Pagespeed stats logging 1.6.29.3+
pagespeed Statistics on;
pagespeed StatisticsLogging on;
pagespeed LogDir /var/log/pagespeed;

3. /usr/local/nginx/conf/pagespeed_handler.conf

#  Ensure requests for pagespeed optimized resources go to the pagespeed
#  handler and no extraneous headers get set.
location ~ "\.pagespeed\.([a-z]\.)?[a-z]{2}\.[^.]{10}\.[^.]+" { add_header "" ""; }
location ~ "^/pagespeed_static/" { }
location ~ "^/pagespeed_beacon$" { }

location /ngx_pagespeed_statistics { allow 127.0.0.1; deny all; }
location /ngx_pagespeed_global_statistics { allow 127.0.0.1; deny all; }
location /ngx_pagespeed_message { allow 127.0.0.1; deny all; }
location /pagespeed_console { allow 127.0.0.1; deny all; }
location ~ ^/pagespeed_admin { allow 127.0.0.1; deny all; }
location ~ ^/pagespeed_global_admin { allow 127.0.0.1; deny all; }

4. /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

user  www;
google_perftools_profiles /tmp/tcmalloc;
worker_cpu_affinity 00000001 00000010 00000100 00001000 00010000 00100000 01000000 10000000;
# no need for more workers in the proxy mode
worker_processes 8;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log info;
#error_log /dev/null info;
worker_rlimit_nofile 5120;
events {
 worker_connections 5120; # increase for busier servers
 use epoll; # you should use epoll here for Linux kernels 2.6.x
}
http {
 access_log off;
 server_name_in_redirect off;
 server_names_hash_max_size 2048;
 server_names_hash_bucket_size 256;
 server_tokens off;
 include    mime.types;
 default_type  application/octet-stream;
 sendfile on;
 tcp_nopush on;
 tcp_nodelay on;
 client_header_timeout 60s;
 client_body_timeout 60s;
 send_timeout 600s;
 reset_timedout_connection on;
 keepalive_timeout 5 60;
 fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
 fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
 fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
 fastcgi_keep_conn on;
 fastcgi_buffer_size 16k;
 fastcgi_buffers 16 16k;
 fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 32k;
 fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 32k;
 fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
 open_file_cache max=51200 inactive=20s;
 open_file_cache_valid 30s;
 open_file_cache_min_uses 1;
 ssi on;
 ssi_silent_errors on;
 ssi_types text/shtml;
 gzip on;
 gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6].(?!.*SV1)";
 gzip_vary on;
 gzip_http_version 1.0;
 gzip_min_length 1100;
 gzip_comp_level 6;
 gzip_buffers 16 16k;
 gzip_proxied any;
 gzip_types application/ecmascript;
 gzip_types application/javascript;
 gzip_types application/pdf;
 gzip_types application/postscript;
 gzip_types image/svg+xml;
 gzip_types text/plain;
 gzip_types text/css;
 gzip_types text/csv;
 gzip_types application/json;
 gzip_types application/x-javascript;
 gzip_types text/xml;
 gzip_types application/xml;
 gzip_types application/xml+rss;
 gzip_types text/javascript;
 connection_pool_size 256;
 client_max_body_size 100m;
 client_body_buffer_size 128k;
 client_header_buffer_size 4k;
 large_client_header_buffers 4 4k;
 request_pool_size 32k;
 output_buffers 4 32k;
 postpone_output 1460;
 client_body_temp_path /tmp/nginx_client;
 proxy_temp_path /tmp/nginx_proxy;
 fastcgi_temp_path /tmp/nginx_fastcgi;
 uwsgi_temp_path /tmp/nginx_uwsgi;
 scgi_temp_path /tmp/nginx_scgi;
 limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=one:10m;

 set_real_ip_from  127.0.0.1;
 real_ip_header    X-Forwarded-For;
 real_ip_recursive on;
 geoip_country  /var/lib/GeoIP/GeoIP.dat;
 geoip_city     /var/lib/GeoIP/GeoIPCity.dat;

 include pagespeed_libraries.conf;
 include pagespeed.conf;
 include pagespeed_statslog.conf;

 include "/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/*.conf";
}

5. /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/default.conf

server {
  listen 80 default;
  server_name _;
  access_log /var/log/nginx/default-access.log combined;
  error_log /var/log/nginx/default-error.log;
  root /var/www/html;
  index index.html index.htm index.php;
  charset utf-8;

  pagespeed on;
  include pagespeed_handler.conf;

  location / {
    try_files $uri @backend-runtime;
  }

  location @backend-runtime {
    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
  }

  location ~* .(ftpquota|htaccess|htpasswd|asp|aspx|jsp|asa|mdb)?$ {
    deny all;
  }
}