首先，安装Sendmail：
[root@ora12c-1 ~]# yum install sendmail sendmail-cf m4 Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package m4.x86_64 0:1.4.16-10.el7 will be installed ---> Package sendmail.x86_64 0:8.14.7-4.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: procmail for package: sendmail-8.14.7-4.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libhesiod.so.0()(64bit) for package: sendmail-8.14.7-4.el7.x86_64 ---> Package sendmail-cf.noarch 0:8.14.7-4.el7 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package hesiod.x86_64 0:3.2.1-3.el7 will be installed ---> Package procmail.x86_64 0:3.22-35.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================================================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================================================================================================================= Installing: m4 x86_64 1.4.16-10.el7 base 256 k sendmail x86_64 8.14.7-4.el7 base 722 k sendmail-cf noarch 8.14.7-4.el7 base 185 k Installing for dependencies: hesiod x86_64 3.2.1-3.el7 base 30 k procmail x86_64 3.22-35.el7 base 171 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================================================================================================================= Install 3 Packages (+2 Dependent packages) Total download size: 1.3 M Installed size: 3.4 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: (1/5): hesiod-3.2.1-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 30 kB 00:00:01 (2/5): m4-1.4.16-10.el7.x86_64.rpm | 256 kB 00:00:01 (3/5): procmail-3.22-35.el7.x86_64.rpm | 171 kB 00:00:01 (4/5): sendmail-8.14.7-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 722 kB 00:00:02 (5/5): sendmail-cf-8.14.7-4.el7.noarch.rpm | 185 kB 00:00:03 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 188 kB/s | 1.3 MB 00:00:07 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum. Installing : procmail-3.22-35.el7.x86_64 1/5 Installing : m4-1.4.16-10.el7.x86_64 2/5 Installing : hesiod-3.2.1-3.el7.x86_64 3/5 Installing : sendmail-8.14.7-4.el7.x86_64 4/5 Installing : sendmail-cf-8.14.7-4.el7.noarch 5/5 Verifying : hesiod-3.2.1-3.el7.x86_64 1/5 Verifying : m4-1.4.16-10.el7.x86_64 2/5 Verifying : sendmail-cf-8.14.7-4.el7.noarch 3/5 Verifying : sendmail-8.14.7-4.el7.x86_64 4/5 Verifying : procmail-3.22-35.el7.x86_64 5/5 Installed: m4.x86_64 0:1.4.16-10.el7 sendmail.x86_64 0:8.14.7-4.el7 sendmail-cf.noarch 0:8.14.7-4.el7 Dependency Installed: hesiod.x86_64 0:3.2.1-3.el7 procmail.x86_64 0:3.22-35.el7 Complete! [root@ora12c-1 ~]#
sendmail的配置文件路径：
[root@ora12c-1 ~]# cd /etc/mail [root@ora12c-1 mail]# ls access aliasesdb-stamp domaintable.db local-host-names mailertable.db Makefile sendmail.mc submit.mc virtusertable access.db domaintable helpfile mailertable make sendmail.cf submit.cf trusted-users virtusertable.db [root@ora12c-1 mail]# [root@ora12c-1 mail]#
编辑配置文件：sendmailmc
备份：
[root@ora12c-1 mail]# cp sendmail.mc sendmail.mc_orig [root@ora12c-1 mail]#
编辑完成后，比较新旧文件，就可以发现哪里做出了变更：
[root@ora12c-1 mail]# cat sendmail.mc | grep -E --color "127.0.0.1|relay_hosts_only" dnl # 127.0.0.1 and not on any other network devices. Remove the loopback dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Port=smtp,Addr=127.0.0.1, Name=MTA')dnl FEATURE(relay_hosts_only)dnl [root@ora12c-1 mail]# [root@ora12c-1 mail]# diff sendmail.mc sendmail.mc_orig 111d110 < 119c118 < dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Port=smtp,Addr=127.0.0.1, Name=MTA')dnl --- > DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Port=smtp,Addr=127.0.0.1, Name=MTA')dnl 177,178d175 < < FEATURE(relay_hosts_only)dnl [root@ora12c-1 mail]#
该文件完整的内容如下：sendmail.mc
[root@ora12c-1 mail]# cat sendmail.mc divert(-1)dnl dnl # dnl # This is the sendmail macro config file for m4. If you make changes to dnl # /etc/mail/sendmail.mc, you will need to regenerate the dnl # /etc/mail/sendmail.cf file by confirming that the sendmail-cf package is dnl # installed and then performing a dnl # dnl # /etc/mail/make dnl # include(`/usr/share/sendmail-cf/m4/cf.m4')dnl VERSIONID(`setup for linux')dnl OSTYPE(`linux')dnl dnl # dnl # Do not advertize sendmail version. dnl # dnl define(`confSMTP_LOGIN_MSG', `$j Sendmail; $b')dnl dnl # dnl # default logging level is 9, you might want to set it higher to dnl # debug the configuration dnl # dnl define(`confLOG_LEVEL', `9')dnl dnl # dnl # Uncomment and edit the following line if your outgoing mail needs to dnl # be sent out through an external mail server: dnl # dnl define(`SMART_HOST', `smtp.your.provider')dnl dnl # define(`confDEF_USER_ID', ``8:12'')dnl dnl define(`confAUTO_REBUILD')dnl define(`confTO_CONNECT', `1m')dnl define(`confTRY_NULL_MX_LIST', `True')dnl define(`confDONT_PROBE_INTERFACES', `True')dnl define(`PROCMAIL_MAILER_PATH', `/usr/bin/procmail')dnl define(`ALIAS_FILE', `/etc/aliases')dnl define(`STATUS_FILE', `/var/log/mail/statistics')dnl define(`UUCP_MAILER_MAX', `2000000')dnl define(`confUSERDB_SPEC', `/etc/mail/userdb.db')dnl define(`confPRIVACY_FLAGS', `authwarnings,novrfy,noexpn,restrictqrun')dnl define(`confAUTH_OPTIONS', `A')dnl dnl # dnl # The following allows relaying if the user authenticates, and disallows dnl # plaintext authentication (PLAIN/LOGIN) on non-TLS links dnl # dnl define(`confAUTH_OPTIONS', `A p')dnl dnl # dnl # PLAIN is the preferred plaintext authentication method and used by dnl # Mozilla Mail and Evolution, though Outlook Express and other MUAs do dnl # use LOGIN. Other mechanisms should be used if the connection is not dnl # guaranteed secure. dnl # Please remember that saslauthd needs to be running for AUTH. dnl # dnl TRUST_AUTH_MECH(`EXTERNAL DIGEST-MD5 CRAM-MD5 LOGIN PLAIN')dnl dnl define(`confAUTH_MECHANISMS', `EXTERNAL GSSAPI DIGEST-MD5 CRAM-MD5 LOGIN PLAIN')dnl dnl # dnl # Rudimentary information on creating certificates for sendmail TLS: dnl # cd /etc/pki/tls/certs; make sendmail.pem dnl # Complete usage: dnl # make -C /etc/pki/tls/certs usage dnl # dnl define(`confCACERT_PATH', `/etc/pki/tls/certs')dnl dnl define(`confCACERT', `/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt')dnl dnl define(`confSERVER_CERT', `/etc/pki/tls/certs/sendmail.pem')dnl dnl define(`confSERVER_KEY', `/etc/pki/tls/certs/sendmail.pem')dnl dnl # dnl # This allows sendmail to use a keyfile that is shared with OpenLDAP's dnl # slapd, which requires the file to be readble by group ldap dnl # dnl define(`confDONT_BLAME_SENDMAIL', `groupreadablekeyfile')dnl dnl # dnl define(`confTO_QUEUEWARN', `4h')dnl dnl define(`confTO_QUEUERETURN', `5d')dnl dnl define(`confQUEUE_LA', `12')dnl dnl define(`confREFUSE_LA', `18')dnl define(`confTO_IDENT', `0')dnl dnl # If you're operating in a DSCP/RFC-4594 environment with QoS dnl define(`confINET_QOS', `AF11')dnl dnl FEATURE(delay_checks)dnl FEATURE(`no_default_msa', `dnl')dnl FEATURE(`smrsh', `/usr/sbin/smrsh')dnl FEATURE(`mailertable', `hash -o /etc/mail/mailertable.db')dnl FEATURE(`virtusertable', `hash -o /etc/mail/virtusertable.db')dnl FEATURE(redirect)dnl FEATURE(always_add_domain)dnl FEATURE(use_cw_file)dnl FEATURE(use_ct_file)dnl dnl # dnl # The following limits the number of processes sendmail can fork to accept dnl # incoming messages or process its message queues to 20.) sendmail refuses dnl # to accept connections once it has reached its quota of child processes. dnl # dnl define(`confMAX_DAEMON_CHILDREN', `20')dnl dnl # dnl # Limits the number of new connections per second. This caps the overhead dnl # incurred due to forking new sendmail processes. May be useful against dnl # DoS attacks or barrages of spam. (As mentioned below, a per-IP address dnl # limit would be useful but is not available as an option at this writing.) dnl # dnl define(`confCONNECTION_RATE_THROTTLE', `3')dnl dnl # dnl # The -t option will retry delivery if e.g. the user runs over his quota. dnl # FEATURE(local_procmail, `', `procmail -t -Y -a $h -d $u')dnl FEATURE(`access_db', `hash -T -o /etc/mail/access.db')dnl FEATURE(`blacklist_recipients')dnl EXPOSED_USER(`root')dnl dnl # dnl # For using Cyrus-IMAPd as POP3/IMAP server through LMTP delivery uncomment dnl # the following 2 definitions and activate below in the MAILER section the dnl # cyrusv2 mailer. dnl # dnl define(`confLOCAL_MAILER', `cyrusv2')dnl dnl define(`CYRUSV2_MAILER_ARGS', `FILE /var/lib/imap/socket/lmtp')dnl dnl # dnl # The following causes sendmail to only listen on the IPv4 loopback address dnl # 127.0.0.1 and not on any other network devices. Remove the loopback dnl # address restriction to accept email from the internet or intranet. dnl # dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Port=smtp,Addr=127.0.0.1, Name=MTA')dnl dnl # dnl # The following causes sendmail to additionally listen to port 587 for dnl # mail from MUAs that authenticate. Roaming users who can't reach their dnl # preferred sendmail daemon due to port 25 being blocked or redirected find dnl # this useful. dnl # dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Port=submission, Name=MSA, M=Ea')dnl dnl # dnl # The following causes sendmail to additionally listen to port 465, but dnl # starting immediately in TLS mode upon connecting. Port 25 or 587 followed dnl # by STARTTLS is preferred, but roaming clients using Outlook Express can't dnl # do STARTTLS on ports other than 25. Mozilla Mail can ONLY use STARTTLS dnl # and doesn't support the deprecated smtps; Evolution <1.1.1 uses smtps dnl # when SSL is enabled-- STARTTLS support is available in version 1.1.1. dnl # dnl # For this to work your OpenSSL certificates must be configured. dnl # dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Port=smtps, Name=TLSMTA, M=s')dnl dnl # dnl # The following causes sendmail to additionally listen on the IPv6 loopback dnl # device. Remove the loopback address restriction listen to the network. dnl # dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`port=smtp,Addr=::1, Name=MTA-v6, Family=inet6')dnl dnl # dnl # enable both ipv6 and ipv4 in sendmail: dnl # dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Name=MTA-v4, Family=inet, Name=MTA-v6, Family=inet6') dnl # dnl # We strongly recommend not accepting unresolvable domains if you want to dnl # protect yourself from spam. However, the laptop and users on computers dnl # that do not have 24x7 DNS do need this. dnl # FEATURE(`accept_unresolvable_domains')dnl dnl # dnl FEATURE(`relay_based_on_MX')dnl dnl # dnl # Also accept email sent to "localhost.localdomain" as local email. dnl # LOCAL_DOMAIN(`localhost.localdomain')dnl dnl # dnl # The following example makes mail from this host and any additional dnl # specified domains appear to be sent from mydomain.com dnl # dnl MASQUERADE_AS(`mydomain.com')dnl dnl # dnl # masquerade not just the headers, but the envelope as well dnl # dnl FEATURE(masquerade_envelope)dnl dnl # dnl # masquerade not just @mydomainalias.com, but @*.mydomainalias.com as well dnl # dnl FEATURE(masquerade_entire_domain)dnl dnl # dnl MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(localhost)dnl dnl MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(localhost.localdomain)dnl dnl MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(mydomainalias.com)dnl dnl MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(mydomain.lan)dnl FEATURE(relay_hosts_only)dnl MAILER(smtp)dnl MAILER(procmail)dnl dnl MAILER(cyrusv2)dnl [root@ora12c-1 mail]#
对文件【relay_domain】的设定：
[root@ora12c-1 mail]# hostname ora12c-1 [root@ora12c-1 mail]# [root@ora12c-1 mail]# hostname >> /etc/mail/relay_domain [root@ora12c-1 mail]# [root@ora12c-1 mail]# pwd /etc/mail [root@ora12c-1 mail]# [root@ora12c-1 mail]# ls -ltr | grep relay_domain -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9 Mar 16 16:21 relay_domain [root@ora12c-1 mail]# [root@ora12c-1 mail]# cat relay_domain ora12c-1 [root@ora12c-1 mail]#
重新编译生成sendmail的配置文件【sendmail.cf】
[root@ora12c-1 mail]# ls -ltr sendmail.cf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 58630 Mar 16 16:25 sendmail.cf [root@ora12c-1 mail]# [root@ora12c-1 mail]# m4 sendmail.mc > sendmail.cf [root@ora12c-1 mail]# [root@ora12c-1 mail]# ls -ltr sendmail.cf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 58846 Mar 16 16:26 sendmail.cf [root@ora12c-1 mail]#
启动并查看SENDMAIL服务状态：
[root@ora12c-1 mail]# ps -ef | grep sendmail
root 3436 32059 0 16:29 pts/2 00:00:00 grep --color=auto sendmail
[root@ora12c-1 mail]#
[root@ora12c-1 mail]# service sendmail status
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status sendmail.service
● sendmail.service - Sendmail Mail Transport Agent
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sendmail.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
[root@ora12c-1 mail]#
[root@ora12c-1 mail]# service sendmail start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start sendmail.service
[root@ora12c-1 mail]#
[root@ora12c-1 mail]# service sendmail status
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status sendmail.service
● sendmail.service - Sendmail Mail Transport Agent
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sendmail.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2017-03-16 16:30:30 CST; 5s ago
Process: 3531 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/sendmail -bd $SENDMAIL_OPTS $SENDMAIL_OPTARG (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 3524 ExecStartPre=/etc/mail/make aliases (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 3519 ExecStartPre=/etc/mail/make (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 3770 (sendmail)
CGroup: /system.slice/sendmail.service
└─3770 sendmail: accepting connections
Mar 16 16:29:30 ora12c-1 systemd[1]: Starting Sendmail Mail Transport Agent...
Mar 16 16:29:30 ora12c-1 sendmail[3531]: My unqualified host name (ora12c-1) unknown; sleeping for retry
Mar 16 16:30:30 ora12c-1 sendmail[3531]: unable to qualify my own domain name (ora12c-1) -- using short name
Mar 16 16:30:30 ora12c-1 sendmail[3770]: starting daemon (8.14.7): SMTP+queueing@01:00:00
Mar 16 16:30:30 ora12c-1 systemd[1]: PID file /run/sendmail.pid not readable (yet?) after start.
Mar 16 16:30:30 ora12c-1 systemd[1]: Started Sendmail Mail Transport Agent.
[root@ora12c-1 mail]#
[root@ora12c-1 mail]# ps -ef | grep sendmail
root 3770 1 0 16:30 ? 00:00:00 sendmail: accepting connections
root 3787 1 0 16:30 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sendmail -L sm-msp-queue -Ac -q1h
root 3824 32059 0 16:30 pts/2 00:00:00 grep --color=auto sendmail
[root@ora12c-1 mail]#
[root@ora12c-1 mail]#
SENDMAIL的日志：/var/log/maillog
Linux中，用户的MAIL数据的存放位置：/var/mail
看看MAIL数据的状态：
[root@ora12c-1 ~]# cd /var/mail/ [root@ora12c-1 mail]# ls -ltr total 80 -rw-rw----. 1 rpc mail 0 Mar 6 16:06 rpc -rw-rw----. 1 adamhuan mail 0 Mar 6 16:14 adamhuan -rw-rw----. 1 oracle mail 0 Mar 7 17:31 oracle -rw-------. 1 root mail 79340 Mar 8 10:49 root [root@ora12c-1 mail]# [root@ora12c-1 mail]# cat adamhuan | wc -l 0 [root@ora12c-1 mail]# [root@ora12c-1 mail]# cat adamhuan [root@ora12c-1 mail]# [root@ora12c-1 mail]#
用【adamhuan】测试sendmail邮件的功能：
准备邮件文件：
[root@ora12c-1 ~]# echo "Hello world, Time is: "`date "+|%Y-%m-%d|%H:%M:%S|"` > say_me.txt [root@ora12c-1 ~]# [root@ora12c-1 ~]# cat say_me.txt Hello world, Time is: |2017-03-16|16:36:01| [root@ora12c-1 ~]# [root@ora12c-1 ~]#
发邮件前，先查看adamhuan的问题：
[root@ora12c-1 mail]# cat adamhuan [root@ora12c-1 mail]#
发邮件：
[root@ora12c-1 ~]# mail -s "Say you" adamhuan@ora12c-1 < say_me.txt [root@ora12c-1 ~]#
发送后，查看：
[root@ora12c-1 mail]# cat adamhuan
From root@ora12c-1 Thu Mar 16 16:38:52 2017
Return-Path:
Received: from ora12c-1 (localhost [127.0.0.1])
by ora12c-1 (8.14.7/8.14.7) with ESMTP id v2G8cqAT005349
for ; Thu, 16 Mar 2017 16:38:52 +0800
Received: (from root@localhost)
by ora12c-1 (8.14.7/8.14.7/Submit) id v2G8cqhC005181
for adamhuan@localhost; Thu, 16 Mar 2017 16:38:52 +0800
From: root
Message-Id: <201703160838.v2G8cqhC005181@ora12c-1>
Date: Thu, 16 Mar 2017 16:37:52 +0800
To: adamhuan@ora12c-1
Subject: Say you
User-Agent: Heirloom mailx 12.5 7/5/10
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Hello world, Time is: |2017-03-16|16:36:01|
[root@ora12c-1 mail]#
[root@ora12c-1 mail]#
——————————————————————
Done。