Oracle数据库从10g开始,启用以时间模型统计为主,命中率为辅等性能度量指标。基于时间模型统计,主要是基于操作类型测量在数据库中花费的时间的统计信息。最重要的时间模型统计是数据库时间,或DB时间。数据库时间表示在数据库调用中所花费的总时间,是实例工作负载量的总指示器。本文描述时间模型统计相关知识点。
下图为 DB Time in Overall User Response Time
即所有花费在数据库层面调用时间的总和,包括所有会话(前台进程)以及非空闲等待,CPU时间等
如上图所示,从客户端Browser请求到客户端Browser响应,经历了很多个中间环节,DB Time仅仅是其中的一部分
2、User Response Time(用户响应时间)
下图为 DB Time in User Transaction
在上图各个部分的操作中:
用户向数据库发出请求,使用向下箭头所示。用于处理请求的数据库所花费的CPU时间和等待数据库等待的时间被认为是DB时间,由阴影区域表示一旦请求完成,结果将返回给用户,如上箭头所示。
上下箭头之间的空间代表处理请求的总用户响应时间,它包含除DB时间以外的其他组件。
Time Model Statistics DB/Inst: ORA11G/ora11g Snaps: 551-553
-> Total time in database user-calls (DB Time): 1264.3s
-> Statistics including the word "background" measure background process
time, and so do not contribute to the DB time statistic
-> Ordered by % or DB time desc, Statistic name
Statistic Name Time (s) % of DB Time
------------------------------------------ ------------------ ------------
sql execute elapsed time 1,188.0 94.0
DB CPU 274.3 21.7
parse time elapsed 10.1 .8
connection management call elapsed time 6.5 .5
PL/SQL execution elapsed time 3.2 .3
hard parse elapsed time 2.9 .2
PL/SQL compilation elapsed time 0.5 .0
hard parse (sharing criteria) elapsed time 0.4 .0
hard parse (bind mismatch) elapsed time 0.1 .0
repeated bind elapsed time 0.0 .0
failed parse elapsed time 0.0 .0
sequence load elapsed time 0.0 .0
DB time 1,264.3
background elapsed time 857.8
background cpu time 25.4
在Oracle数据库中,最重要的时间模型统计是DB Time和DB CPU。这两个统计数据直接显示数据库的工作量和描述整个数据库的响应时间。
SELECT ss.username, se.SID, VALUE / 100 cpu_usage_seconds
FROM v$session ss, v$sesstat se, v$statname sn
WHERE se.STATISTIC# = sn.STATISTIC#
AND NAME LIKE '%CPU used by this session%'
AND se.SID = ss.SID
AND ss.status = 'ACTIVE'
AND ss.username IS NOT NULL
ORDER BY VALUE DESC;
USERNAME SID CPU_USAGE_SECONDS
--------------- ---------- -----------------
SYSMAN 156 77.69
DBSNMP 66 25.86
SYS 131 .06
DBSNMP 66 0
SYS 131 0
COLUMN wait_class FORMAT a20
COLUMN name FORMAT a30
COLUMN time_secs FORMAT 999,999,999,999.99
COLUMN pct FORMAT 99.99
SELECT wait_class,
NAME,
ROUND (time_secs, 2) time_secs,
ROUND (time_secs * 100 / SUM (time_secs) OVER (), 2) pct
FROM (SELECT n.wait_class, e.event NAME, e.time_waited / 100 time_secs
FROM v$system_event e, v$event_name n
WHERE n.NAME = e.event
AND n.wait_class <> 'Idle'
AND time_waited > 0
UNION
SELECT 'CPU', 'server CPU', SUM (VALUE / 1000000) time_secs
FROM v$sys_time_model
WHERE stat_name IN ('background cpu time', 'DB CPU'))
ORDER BY time_secs DESC;
WAIT_CLASS NAME TIME_SECS PCT
-------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------- ------
System I/O control file parallel write 3,671.39 33.70
System I/O db file async I/O submit 1,832.96 16.82
CPU server CPU 1,824.20 16.74
System I/O log file parallel write 1,396.98 12.82
Commit log file sync 936.36 8.59
User I/O direct path write 570.01 5.23
Concurrency os thread startup 138.38 1.27
Configuration log file switch (checkpoint in 120.05 1.10
complete)
五、相关视图数据字典
V$SYS_TIME_MODEL
V$SESS_TIME_MODEL
DBA_HIST_SYS_TIME_MODEL