1、魔术方法：__getitem__()

Called to implement evaluation of self[key]. For sequence types, the accepted keys should be integers and slice objects. Note that the special interpretation of negative indexes (if the class wishes to emulate a sequence type) is up to the __getitem__() method. If key is of an inappropriate type, TypeError may be raised; if of a value outside the set of indexes for the sequence (after any special interpretation of negative values), IndexError should be raised. For mapping types, if key is missing (not in the container), KeyError should be raised.

2、自定义序列实现切片功能

class MyList():
    def __init__(self):
        self.data = []
    def append(self, item):
        self.data.append(item)
    def __iter__(self):
        return self
    def __getitem__(self, key):
        print("key is : " + str(key))
        return self.data[key]

l = MyList()
l.append("My")
l.append("name")
l.append("is")
l.append("Python猫")

print(l[3])
print(l[:2])
print(l['hi'])

### 输出结果：
key is : 3
Python猫
key is : slice(None, 2, None)
['My', 'name']
key is : hi
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TypeError: list indices must be integers or slices, not str
    
#####
2018-12-31 更新声明：本例未考虑到返回类型，严格来说并未实现切片。
在合并的文章里已做修正：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/IRAjR-KHZBPEEkdiofseGQ

###略去其它代码####
def __getitem__(self, index):
    cls = type(self)
    if isinstance(index, slice):  # 如果index是个切片类型，则构造新实例
       return cls(self._components[index])
    elif isinstance(index, numbers.Integral):  # 如果index是个数，则直接返回
        return self._components[index]
    else:
        msg = "{cls.__name__} indices must be integers"
        raise TypeError(msg.format(cls=cls))

3、自定义字典实现切片功能

class MyDict():
    def __init__(self):
        self.data = {}
    def __len__(self):
        return len(self.data)
    def append(self, item):
        self.data[len(self)] = item
    def __getitem__(self, key):
        if isinstance(key, int):
            return self.data[key]
        if isinstance(key, slice):
            slicedkeys = list(self.data.keys())[key]
            return {k: self.data[k] for k in slicedkeys}
        else:
            raise TypeError

d = MyDict()
d.append("My")
d.append("name")
d.append("is")
d.append("Python猫")
print(d[2])
print(d[:2])
print(d[-4:-2])
print(d['hi'])

### 输出结果：
is
{0: 'My', 1: 'name'}
{0: 'My', 1: 'name'}
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TypeError

4、小结