在一测试机器给SQLServer2019安装补丁时报错Error: 15151, Severity: 16, State: 1.，具体报错如下：

2024-01-18 20:48:05.61 spid9s
2024-01-18 20:48:05.62 spid9s2024-01-18 20:48:05.63 spid9s2024-01-18 20:48:05.79 spid9s2024-01-18 20:48:05.79 spid9s2024-01-18 20:48:05.80 spid9s
Grant permission to Modulesigne
Permission control of the stored procedure
Error: 15151, Severity: 16, State: 1.
Cannot find the login "##MS SSISServerCleanuploblogin#, because it does not exist or you do not have permission
The failed batch of t-sql statements :
GRANT VIEW SERVER STATE TO ##MS SSISServerCleanupJobLogin##
2024-01-18 20:48:05.80 5pid95Error: 912, Severity: 21, State: 2.2024-01-18 20:48:05.80 spid9sScript leve upgrade for database 'master" faled because upgrade step "SServer upgrade sa" enountered error 15151, state 1, severity 16, This is a serious eror conditiorwhict mett nterere wit regiar ope raton an te dtatase wil me aken otine,  t eror mappenet dumn pgrate o the master datae t w orevent tme enre so. erver nstance TtomsttExamine the previous errorlog entries for errors, take the appropriate correctiveactions and re-start the database so that the script uperade steps run to comp etionError: 3417, Severity: 21, State: 3.2024-01-18 20:48:05.80 50id952024-01-18 20:48:05.80 pid9sCannot recover the master database. sol Server is unable to run.r from a full backup, repair it, or rebuild it, For more information about how to rebuild theRestore hastermaster database, see SOl Server Books Online.2024-01-18 20:48:05.80 spid95SOL Trace was stopped due to server shutdown, Trace lD = '1' This is an informationamessage only; no user action is required.

报错原因：

SSISDB数据库中缺少用户“##MS_SSISServerCleanupJobUser##”。因此，SQL Server的升级脚本中有一些操作失败，从而出现这个错误，解决方法是在SSISDB 数据库中创建用户。

处理方法：
使用跟踪标志902来启动SQL Server，这将绕过脚本升级模式,

NET START MSSQLSERVER /T902

NET START MSSQL$INSTANCENAME  /T902

切换到 SSISDB 数据库创建用户，并将现有用户映射到新创建的登录名

USE [SSISDB] 
GO
CREATE USER [##MS_SSISServerCleanupJobUser##] FOR LOGIN [##MS_SSISServerCleanupJobLogin##] WITH DEFAULT_SCHEMA=[dbo]
GO

创建成功后,停止服务并启动服务(正常模式启动)即可：

NET STOP MSSQLSERVER
NET START MSSQL$INSTANCENAME

参考文档：
https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/troubleshoot/sql/database-engine/install/windows/sql-server-upgrade-failed-error-15151
https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/sql/relational-databases/errors-events/mssqlserver-912-database-engine-error?view=sql-server-ver16
https://blog.sqlauthority.com/2019/04/06/sql-server-script-level-upgrade-for-database-master-failed-because-upgrade-step-ssis_hotfix_install-sql-encountered-error-15151/
https://vistasql.wordpress.com/2021/04/16/sql-services-could-not-start-after-patching/