经过测试确认rman SBT_TAPE通道备份的rman备份集无法被DISK通道(文件系统方式备份)方式恢复,关于rman的SBT_TAPE通道(带库方式备份)备份参考:模拟带库实现rman远程备份
发起SBT_TAPE通道备份备份

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sun Jul 14 13:19:03 2024

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: XIFENFEI (DBID=1780931490)

RMAN> CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO SBT_TAPE;

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
old RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK;
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO 'SBT_TAPE';
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

RMAN> backup  format 'ctl_%T_%U.rman' current controlfile;

Starting backup at 14-JUL-24
allocated channel: ORA_SBT_TAPE_1
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: SID=147 device type=SBT_TAPE
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: SBT/SSH2-SFTP
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: starting piece 1 at 14-JUL-24
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: finished piece 1 at 14-JUL-24
piece handle=ctl_20240714_0r2vt3eh_1_1.rman tag=TAG20240714T131913 comment=API Version 2.0,MMS Version 1.0.9.0
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 14-JUL-24

确认备份文件在文件系统中位置

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ ls -l /tmp/rmanback/ctl_20240714_0r2vt3eh_1_1.rman
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9961472 Jul 14 13:19 /tmp/rmanback/ctl_20240714_0r2vt3eh_1_1.rman

尝试DISK通道加载备份集,报RMAN-07519错误

RMAN> catalog start with '/tmp/rmanback/ctl_20240714_0r2vt3eh_1_1.rman';

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
searching for all files that match the pattern /tmp/rmanback/ctl_20240714_0r2vt3eh_1_1.rman

List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: /tmp/rmanback/ctl_20240714_0r2vt3eh_1_1.rman

Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes
cataloging files...
no files cataloged

List of Files Which Where Not Cataloged
=======================================
File Name: /tmp/rmanback/ctl_20240714_0r2vt3eh_1_1.rman
  RMAN-07519: Reason: Error while cataloging. See alert.log.

查看alert日志信息报ORA-27048: skgfifi: file header information is invalid 等错误

Sun Jul 14 13:28:22 2024
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/xifenfei/xifenfei/trace/xifenfei_ora_13260.trc:
ORA-19624: operation failed, retry possible
ORA-19870: error while restoring backup piece /tmp/rmanback/ctl_20240714_0r2vt3eh_1_1.rman
ORA-19505: failed to identify file "/tmp/rmanback/ctl_20240714_0r2vt3eh_1_1.rman"
ORA-27048: skgfifi: file header information is invalid
Additional information: 8
ORA-27048: skgfifi: file header information is invalid
Additional information: 8
ORA-27048: skgfifi: file header information is invalid
Additional information: 8

通过分析备份文件发现在带库方式备份和文件系统方式备份的文件头信息明显不一样

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